刈割技术对饲草品质和消化率的影响研究  

The study of mowing skill on nutrient quality and digestibility of grass

作　　者：王伟 周天荣 乌仁其其格 肖燕子 张培青 贾玉山 格根图 WANG Wei;ZHOU Tianrong;WU Renqiqige;XIAO Yanzi;ZHANG Peiqing;JIA Yushan;GE Gentu(Meadow grassland ecosystem and global change key laboratory of Inner Mongolia,Hailar,Inner Mongolia 021018,China;College of Grassland Resources and Environment,Key Laboratory of Forage Cultivation Processing and High Efficient Utilization of Ministry of Agriculture,Hohhot,Inner Mongolia 010019,China)

机构地区：[1]农林学院/内蒙古自治区草甸草原生态系统与全球变化重点实验室,内蒙古海拉尔021018 [2]内蒙古农业大学草原与资源环境学院/农业农村部饲草栽培、加工与高效利用重点实验室,内蒙古呼和浩特010019

出　　处：《中国饲料》2021年第7期33-37,共5页China Feed

基　　金：国家牧草产业技术体系(CARS-35);国家“十三五”重点研发计划项目(2017YFD0502103);呼伦贝尔学院博士基金项目(2020BS08);呼伦贝尔学院校级自然科学重点项目(2020ZKZD05)。

摘　　要：为探讨收获时间和留茬高度对饲草营养品质和消化率的影响,本研究以赤峰地区典型草原牧草为试验原料,设置9个处理,分别是EAL(8月上旬,低留茬高度)、EAM(8月上旬,中留茬高度)、EAH(8月上旬,高留茬高度)、MAL(8月中旬,低留茬高度)、MAM(8月中旬,中留茬高度)、MAH(8月中旬,高留茬高度)、LAL(8月下旬,低留茬高度)、LAM(8月下旬,中留茬高度)、LAH(8月下旬,高留茬高度),测定天然牧草营养品质和消化率,每个处理3次重复。结果显示:随着收获时间的推迟,天然牧草干物质(DM)、酸性洗涤纤维(ADF)、中性洗涤纤维(NDF)和可溶性糖(WSC)含量逐渐增加,LA处理的DM、ADF、NDF和WSC含量最高,分别为55.79%DM、36.87%DM、68.43%DM和4.42%DM。而粗蛋白质(CP)、消化能(DE)、干物质消化率(IVDMD)、粗蛋白质消化率(IVCPD)、酸性洗涤纤维消化率(IVADFD)、中性洗涤纤维消化率(IVNDFD)逐渐降低,LA处理组的CP、DE、IVDMD、IVCPD、IVADFD、IVNDFD含量最低,分别为7.48%DM、8.41MJ/kg、47.12%、61.42%、41.62%和51.42%。粗脂肪(EE)和总能(GE)表现为先增加后降低的变化趋势。随着留茬高度增加,天然牧草DM、EE、WSC、GE和IVDMD逐渐增加,高留茬高度处理组的DM、EE、WSC、GE和IVDMD指标最高,分别为53.89%、1.98%DM、4.67%DM、18.89 MJ/kg、50.1%。ADF、NDF、IVADFD、IVNDFD逐渐降低,高留茬高度处理组的ADF、NDF、IVADFD、IVNDFD最低,分别为63.53%DM、33.17%DM、43.64%、52.84%,CP含量表现为先增加后降低的变化趋势,IVCPD表现为先降低后增加的变化趋势。综合考虑,赤峰地区天然牧草收获时间以8月20日,留茬高度3~6 cm为宜,若收获延迟,可适度增加留茬高度,提高天然牧草越冬率。In order to obtain high-quality native grass,the optimum harvest time and stubble height of native grass were selected,and the effects of different harvest time and stubble height on nutrient quality and digestibility of native grass were discussed.Take the grasses of meadow steppe as test materials,there were nine treatments,they were respectively EAL(early August,low stubble height),EAM(early August,moderate stubble height),EAH(early August,high stubble height),MAL(in mid-August,low stubble height),MAM(in mid-August,moderate stubble height),MAH(in mid-August,high stubble height),LAL(in late August,low stubble height),LAM(in late August,moderate stubble height),LAH(in late August,high stubble height),to test the nutritional quality and digestibility of native grass,three times repeats.The results showed that as the harvest time was delayed,the content of natural dry matter(DM),acid detergent fiber(ADF),neutral detergent fiber(NDF)and soluble sugar(WSC)increasing gradually,the DM,ADF,NDF and WSC contents of LA treatment were the highest,respectively 55.79%DM,36.87%DM,68.43%DM and 4.42%DM.The crude protein(CP),digestion energy(DE),dry matter digestibility(IVDMD),crude protein digestibility(IVCPD),acid washing fiber digestibility(IVADFD),neutral detergent fiber digestibility(IVNDFD)gradually decreased,the CP,DE,IVDMD,IVCPD,IVADFD,IVNDFD content of LA treatment were the lowest,respectively 7.48%DM,8.41 MJ/kg,47.12%,61.42%,41.62%and 51.42%.Crude fat(EE)and total energy(GE)showed a trend of increasing first and then decreasing.As the stubble height increased,the natural forage DM,EE,WSC,GE and IVDMD gradually increase,and the stubble height treatment has the highest DM,EE,WSC,GE and IVDMD indicators,respectively 53.89%,1.98%DM,4.67%DM,18.89 MJ/kg,50.1%.ADF,NDF,IVADFD,IVNDFD decreased gradually,ADF,NDF,IVADFD,IVNDFD of the high stubble height treatment were the lowest,respectively 63.53%DM,33.17%DM,43.64%,52.84%,CP content increased first and then decreased,IVCPD showed a decreasing trend before increasing.Therefore,th

关 键 词：天然牧草 收获时间 留茬高度 营养品质 消化率 

分 类 号：S816.5[农业科学—饲料科学]