不同淀粉原料对淀粉-壳聚糖复合膜性能的影响  

Properties of Starch-Chitosan Composite Films Based on Different Starches

作　　者：赵郁聪 王婧 靳刘萍 丁勇 ZHAO Yu-cong;WANG Jing;JIN Liu-ping;DING Yong(College of Bioresources Chemical and Materials Engineering,Shaanxi University of Science&Technology,Xi'an 710021,China;College of Food and Biological Engineering,Shaanxi University of Science&Technology,Xi'an 710021,China)

机构地区：[1]陕西科技大学轻工科学与工程学院,西安710021 [2]陕西科技大学食品与生物工程学院,西安710021

出　　处：《包装工程》2021年第7期151-158,共8页Packaging Engineering

基　　金：陕西科技大学前沿科学技术研究院横向项目(0216/210180072);西安市科技计划-农业科技创新工程(20193048YF036NS036)。

摘　　要：目的研究不同淀粉原料对复合膜性能的影响,为淀粉基膜的原料选择提供参考。方法选取土豆淀粉、红薯淀粉、绿豆淀粉、豌豆淀粉、木薯淀粉、小麦淀粉等6种常见的市售淀粉为原料,将30 g/L的淀粉溶液和20 g/L的壳聚糖溶液以1∶1的体积比混合,再添加一定量甘油为增塑剂,浇铸成膜,测定膜的力学性能和渗透性能。通过X-射线衍射、红外光谱、扫描电镜和接触角等仪器对复合膜的性能和结构进行表征分析。结果不同淀粉基复合膜间的性能存在较大差异。当土豆淀粉直链质量分数为14%时,复合膜的断裂伸长率和透气性相对最好,断裂伸长率可达55.65%,氧气透过系数为75.52 cm^(3)/(m^(2)∙24 h∙0.1 MPa);当小麦淀粉支链质量分数为27%时,复合膜的抗拉强度和阻隔性能相对最好,抗拉强度可达14.04 MPa,氧气透过系数为3.31 cm^(3)/(m^(2)∙24 h∙0.1 MPa),水蒸气透过系数为24.51 g/(m^(2)∙24 h)。复合膜均为亲水性材料,且各成膜物质之间具有良好的相容性。结论当淀粉直链质量分数较高时,复合膜的抗拉强度和阻隔性能较好;当淀粉支链质量分数较高时,复合膜的断裂伸长率较好,阻隔性能较差。淀粉原料不同,复合膜材料的特性也不同,可满足产品对包装材料性能的不同需求。The influence of different starch matrixes on the properties of the composite films was studied to provide a reference for the selection of raw materials for starch-based film.In this study,six commercially starches,including potato starch,sweet potato starch,mung bean starch,pea starch,tapioca starch,and wheat starch,were selected as raw materials.The 30 g/L starch solution and 20 g/L chitosan solution were mixed at a volume ratio of 1∶1,and glycerol was used as plasticizer.The mechanical properties and permeabilities of composite films were determined.The properties and structures of the composite films were characterized and analyzed by X-ray Diffraction,Infrared Spectroscopy,scanning electron microscope and contact angle.There are significant variations of mechanical properties and permeabilities of composite films prepared with starch from different sources.Among them,when the amylose mass fraction of potato starch is 14%,its composite film has the best elongation at break and permeabilities where the elongation at break can reach 55.65%,and the oxygen permeablity is 75.52 cm^(3)/(m^(2)∙24 h∙0.1 MPa);when the amylopectin mass fraction of wheat starch is 27%,its composite film has the best tensile strength and barrier properties,the tensile strength is up to 14.04 MPa,the oxygen permeablity is 3.31 cm^(3)/(m^(2)∙24 h∙0.1 MPa),and the water vapor permeability is 24.51 g/(m^(2)∙24 h).The composite films were prepared with hydrophilic materials that had good compatibility.In the high amylose mass fraction situation,the composite film has good tensile strength and barrier properties,in the high amylopectin mass fraction situation,the composite film has good elongation at break,but the barrier properties is poor.The different of starch raw materials can regulate the properties of the composite film materials,which meets the different needs of packaging materials.

关 键 词：淀粉原料 复合膜 力学性能 渗透性能 

分 类 号：TB484.9[一般工业技术—包装工程]