中国公司治理制度的困境与出路  

The Dilemma and Outlet of China’s Corporate Governance System

作　　者：赵旭东[1] ZHAO Xu-dong(School of Civil,Commercial and Economic Law,China University of Political Science and Law,Beijing 100088)

机构地区：[1]中国政法大学民商经济法学院,北京100088

出　　处：《现代法学》2021年第2期89-105,共17页Modern Law Science

摘　　要：中国的公司治理始终经受着多方的批评与质疑,实践中也面临着许多困难。立法者虽经不懈努力以求完善公司治理制度,但却总难实现公司治理现状的彻底改观,其已经陷于既有制度锁定的困境,小修小补式改良对于根治公司治理痼疾似乎无济于事,需要的是更深刻而实质的制度变革和创新。公司治理深陷困境的深层原因和症结在于公司治理的法律设计与现实运行严重脱节、对控股股东或大股东的法律规制近乎空白、公司治理的问责与追责机制畸形和失灵。公司治理突破的方向与出路在于结构重构和机制再造:其一,要对公司组织机构规范的强制性与任意性予以明确、科学、合理的定性与定位,强化其应有的任意性;其二,要确立控股股东在公司治理中的主体地位,正面引导、发挥其独特的积极作用,并围绕其控制权的行使建构合理的法律规则;其三,应重构公司监督制度,取消监事会,或者作为过渡性的措施将其只作为任意性的机构由公司自主选择;其四,应重新审视和调整公司治理的归责原则和追责机制,实现公司治理的合理问责与精准追责。China’s corporate governance has always been criticized and questioned by many parties,and it is also facing many difficulties in practice.Although legislators have made unremitting efforts to improve the corporate governance system,it is always difficult to achieve a complete change in the status quo of corporate governance.They have been trapped in the predicament of the lock-in of the existing system.Small repairs and small supplementary improvements seem to be of no help in eradicating the chronic problems of corporate governance,it needs a more profound and substantial institutional reform and innovation.The deep-rooted reason and crux of the dilemma of corporate governance is that the legal design of corporate governance is seriously out of touch with the actual operation,the legal regulation of controlling shareholders or major shareholders is almost blank,and the accountability and accountability mechanism of corporate governance is deformed and malfunctioning.The direction and corporate governance breakthrough lie in structural reconstruction and mechanism reconstruction:First,the mandatory and arbitrariness of the corporate organizational structure must be clearly,scientifically and reasonably qualitatively defined and positioned,and its due arbitrariness must be strengthened;Second,it is necessary to establish the dominant position of the controlling shareholder in corporate governance,positively guide and play its unique positive role,and construct reasonable legal rules around the exercise of its control rights;Third,the corporate supervision system should be reconstructed,the board of supervisors should be abolished,or as a transitional measure,it should only be used as an arbitrary organization by the corporation’s voluntary choice;Fourth,it is necessary to re-examine and adjust the principle and mechanism of accountability of corporate governance,so as to realize reasonable accountability and precise accountability of corporate governance.

关 键 词：公司治理 公司法修改 控股股东 公司监督机制 公司追责 

分 类 号：DF411.91[政治法律—经济法学]