知觉模糊度影响学习的延迟效应  

Delayed Effect of the Influence of Perceptual Ambiguity on Learning

作　　者：潘溪 陈功香[1] 刘文娟 任芬 贾广珍[1] 刘春燕[1] Pan Xi;Chen Gongxiang;Liu Wenjuan;Ren Fen;Jia Guangzhen;Liu Chunyan(School of Education and Psychology,University of Jinan,Jinan,250022)

机构地区：[1]济南大学教育与心理科学学院,济南250022

出　　处：《心理科学》2021年第1期2-8,共7页Journal of Psychological Science

基　　金：国家社会科学基金项目(18BGL123)的资助。

摘　　要：基于适当迁移加工理论,采用连续识别任务范式,通过操纵字词和图片的模糊度来考察知觉模糊非流畅影响学习的延迟效应。结果发现:(1)模糊不流畅的材料学习判断值更低;(2)知觉模糊程度对即时的再认成绩没有影响,但在延迟再认测试中流畅性较低的模糊材料记忆成绩更好。该结果表明实验操纵方式所引发的编码过程和记忆测试所需的检索过程性质上相匹配,而且延迟测试时,知觉非流畅可以促进学习,说明非流畅效应存在边界。Perceptual fluency refers to a subjective feeling or experience of the individual’s difficulty in processing external information at the level of perception,reflecting the low-level processing of the attributes related to stimulating external forms.Previous studies have found that appropriately reducing the perceptual fluency of learning materials could increase the subjective difficulty perceived by learners,which would stimulate the learners’analytical thinking,and ultimately improve their academic performance.This phenomenon is called"disfluency effect"in educational psychology.While some difficult learning conditions can improve learning,the findings regarding the contribution of disfluent materials have been inconsistent.We seek breakthroughs in terms of more rational theoretical frameworks and boundary conditions of disfluent effects.It is suggested that the qualitative match of the evoked encoding processes of the applied difficulty with respect to the required retrieval processes of the memory test and the time delay of the test may be two key factors affecting the disfluent effect.Therefore,immediate performance does not reflect the effect of disfluency on memory intervention.Disfluent effects appear over time.This study explored the delayed disfluent effects of perception through three experiments.The results discussed when and under which circumstances disfluency can promote learning as a desirable difficulty.The study explored how the perceptual ambiguity affected judgments of learning and memory(immediate/delayed)in the recall in Experiment 1 and in the recognition in Experiment 2,by manipulating word ambiguity and using the continuous identification(CID)task paradigm.CID task is more sensitive in measuring perceptual fluency.It can focus on word recognition in a short period of time without too much processing of semantic information,and more importantly,it can minimize the perception of disfluent experimental manipulation.The Experiments used different memory tests to detect disfluent effects i

关 键 词：学习判断 非流畅效应 延迟测试 连续识别任务范式 

分 类 号：B842[哲学宗教—基础心理学]