多糖抗2型糖尿病作用机制研究进展及分析  

Research progress and analysis on mechanism of polysaccharides against type 2 diabetes mellitus

作　　者：刘福君 刘晓颖 马宇 王为兰[1] 李金耀[1] LIU Fu-jun;LIU Xiao-ying;MA Yu;WANG Wei-lan;LI Jin-yao(Xinjiang Key Laboratory of Biological Resources and Genetic Engineering,College of Life Science and Technology,Xinjiang University,Urumqi 830046,China)

机构地区：[1]新疆大学生命科学与技术学院新疆生物资源基因工程重点实验室,新疆乌鲁木齐830046

出　　处：《中国中药杂志》2021年第3期552-559,共8页China Journal of Chinese Materia Medica

基　　金：2016年度新疆“天池博士”引进人才项目;新疆大学自然科学博士启动基金项目(BS150240)。

摘　　要：多糖是由10个以上单糖分子通过糖苷键连接形成的大分子化合物。多糖来源广泛、安全低毒,且具有抗肿瘤、抗病毒、免疫调节、降血糖、降血脂等多种生物活性,受到研究学者的广泛关注。2型糖尿病(type 2 diabetes mellitus,T2DM)是一种以高血糖、胰岛素抵抗、低度炎症为特征的慢性代谢紊乱疾病。近年来,多糖对T2DM的治疗成为研究热点,多糖不仅能弥补阿卡波糖、双胍类和磺脲类等降糖药物长期治疗引起的低血糖、体质量增加、肠胃损伤等副作用,还能通过调节机体糖代谢、氧化应激、炎症反应、肠道菌群等发挥高效降糖作用。该文对多糖治疗T2DM的研究进展进行综述,并对化学修饰多糖的降糖活性等热点方向进行总结,为活性多糖降糖药物的开发及作用机制研究提供理论指导。Polysaccharides are macromolecular compounds formed by more than 10 monosaccharide molecules linked by glycosidic bonds.Polysaccharides have a wide range of sources,high safety and low toxicity,with a variety of biological activities,such as anti-tumor,anti-virus,immune regulation,lowering blood glucose,and lowering blood lipids.Type 2 diabetes mellitus(T2 DM)is a chronic metabolic disorder characterized by hyperglycemia,insulin resistance and low inflammation.In recent years,the treatment of T2 DM with polysaccharide has become a research hotspot.Polysaccharides can not only make up for the side effects such as hypoglycemia,weight gain,gastrointestinal injury caused by long-term treatment of acarbose,biguanidine and sulfonylurea,but also play an effective role in reducing glucose by regulating glucose metabolism,oxidative stress,inflammatory response,intestinal flora,etc.In this paper,the research progress of polysaccharides in the treatment of T2 DM was reviewed.In addition,the hot spots such as the hypoglycemic activity of polysaccharides with structural modifications were summarized,providing theoretical guidance for the development of active polysaccharide hypoglycemic medicines and the further study of action mechanism.

关 键 词：多糖 2型糖尿病 胞内信号通路 肠道菌群 多糖修饰 

分 类 号：R285[医药卫生—中药学]