基于斐波那契编码的测量设备无关量子密钥分发方案  

Measurement-device Independent Quantum Key Distribution Scheme Based on Fibonacci Coding

作　　者：尚涛[1] 孙海正 刘建伟[1] Shang Tao;Sun Haizheng;Liu Jianwei(Key Laboratory of Aerospace Network Security,Ministry of Industry and Information Technology,Beihang University,Beijing 100083,China;Beihang University,Beijing 100083,China)

机构地区：[1]北京航空航天大学空天网络安全工业与信息化部重点试验室,北京100083 [2]北京航空航天大学,北京100083

出　　处：《航空科学技术》2021年第3期71-78,共8页Aeronautical Science & Technology

基　　金：航空科学基金(2018ZC51016);国家自然科学基金(61971021,61571024);国家重点研发计划(2016YFC1000307)。

摘　　要：随着量子密钥分发(QKD)技术的飞速发展,为了确保航空通信的安全性,研究人员开始逐步对航空机载平台的量子通信技术进行相关研究和试验。在自由空间试验中,测量设备无关量子密钥分发(MDI-QKD)协议虽然消除了对于探测器边信道的攻击,但是受到大气湍流等干扰因素的影响,其密钥生成率仍然偏低。本文利用斐波那契数列与卢卡斯数列之间存在的关系,对光子轨道角动量(OAM)进行密钥信息编码,提出了一种基于斐波那契编码的MDI-QKD方案。该方案在不影响原始MDI-QKD协议安全性的基础上,单次量子信息传输容量增加。分析了在自由空间中存在噪声的情况下大气湍流对光子OAM的散射效应,得到了探测端检测到不同OAM态的概率,以及使用OAM编码量子信息的MDI-QKD方案的密钥生成率与最大传输距离的关系。当光信号在大气信道传输时,随着光信号的径向强度逐渐增大,大气湍流对光子OAM态的散射效应逐渐增强,原始OAM态发散为相邻OAM态并趋于无规则分布,探测端检测到原始OAM态的概率不断减小。基于OAM编码的MDI-QKD方案的最大传输距离要比基于偏振编码的MDI-QKD方案增加20km。With the rapid development of quantum key distribution(QKD)technology,in order to ensure the security of aviation communication,researchers began to gradually carry out relevant research and experiments on the quantum communication technology of aviation airborne platform.In the free space experiment,the measurement device independent quantum key distribution(MDI-QKD)protocol eliminates the attack on the detector's side channel,but its key generation rate is still low due to the influence of atmospheric turbulence and other interference factors.Based on the relationship between Fibonacci sequence and Lucas sequence,this paper encodes the key information of photonic orbital angular momentum(OAM),and proposes an MDI-QKD scheme based on Fibonacci coding.The encoded quantum key distribution scheme increases the single quantum information transmission capacity without affecting the security of the original MDI-QKD protocol.The scattering effect of atmospheric turbulence on photonic OAM in the presence of noise in free space is analyzed,and the probability of detecting different OAM states at the detection end is obtained.And the relationship between the key generation rate and the maximum transmission distance of the MDI-QKD scheme that uses OAM to encode quantum information is established.When the beam propagates in the atmospheric channel,the radial intensity of the beam gradually increases,and the scattering effect of the turbulence on the photonic OAM gradually increases.The original OAM state diverges into adjacent OAM states and tends to be irregularly distributed.The probability of detecting the original OAM state at the detection end continues to decrease.The maximum transmission distance of the MDI-QKD scheme based on OAM coding is 20km longer than that of the MDI-QKD scheme based on polarization coding.

关 键 词：航空机载通信技术 测量设备无关 量子密钥分发 轨道角动量 斐波那契数列 大气湍流 

分 类 号：TN918[电子电信—通信与信息系统]