不同饵料投喂模式对中华绒螯蟹幼蟹生长和生理生化的影响  

Effects of diet on growth, digestive enzymes, antioxidant enzymes, and immune enzymes of juvenile Chinese mitten crabs(Eriocheir sinensis)

作　　者：韩文峰 孙云飞 刘健[1] 鹿珍珍 肖昌伦 张亚文 成方舟 成永旭[1,2,3] HAN Wenfeng;SUN Yunfei;LIU Jian;LU Zhenzhen;XIAO Changlun;ZHANG Yawen;CHENG Fang-zhou;CHENG Yongxu(Key Laboratory of Freshwater Aquatic Genetic Resources,Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs,Shanghai Ocean University,Shanghai 201306,China;National Demonstration Center for Experimental Fisheries Science Education,Shanghai Ocean University,Shanghai 201306,China;Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Aquaculture,Shanghai Ocean University,Shanghai 201306,China)

机构地区：[1]上海海洋大学,农业农村部鱼类营养和环境生态研究中心,上海201306 [2]上海海洋大学,上海水产养殖工程技术研究中心,上海201306 [3]上海海洋大学,水产科学国家级实验教学示范中心,上海201306

出　　处：《中国水产科学》2021年第3期314-325,共12页Journal of Fishery Sciences of China

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(31802320);农业农村部现代农业产业技术体系专项资金项目(CARS-48);上海水产养殖工程技术研究中心能力提升项目(19DZ2284300);黄河三角洲产业领军人才项目(DYRC20190210)。

摘　　要：为研究池塘养殖过程中不同饵料投喂模式对中华绒螯蟹(Eriocheirsinensis)幼蟹生长和生理生化的影响,实验以中华绒螯蟹幼蟹为研究对象,比较了喜旱莲子草(Alternantheraphiloxeroides)组(Diet1组)、配合饲料组(Diet2组)以及两者1∶1混合组(Diet3组)3种饵料投喂模式下幼蟹生长、消化酶、抗氧化酶及免疫酶活性的变化。每个处理组设置3个重复,实验周期为120 d。结果表明:(1)养殖结束时,Diet2组幼蟹的终末体重、增重率、特定生长率和肝胰腺指数均显著高于Diet1和Diet3组;(2)Diet2和Diet3组幼蟹肝胰腺和躯体的粗脂肪含量显著高于Diet1组,而灰分含量呈相反趋势;(3)幼蟹肝胰腺α-淀粉酶活性在Diet3组最高(P<0.05),而脂肪酶活性在Diet2组最高(P<0.05);(4)Diet1组幼蟹血清过氧化氢酶活性最高,而Diet2组和Diet3组总抗氧化能力和丙二醛含量均显著高于Diet1组;(5)Diet1组幼蟹肝胰腺过氧化氢酶酶活性最高,Diet2组雌蟹超氧化歧化酶活性和总抗氧化能力活性最高(P<0.05),Diet3组雄蟹总抗氧化能力活性最高(P<0.05);(6)Diet2组和Diet3组幼蟹血清中酸性磷酸酶和碱性磷酸酶活性均显著高于Diet1组,而在雌雄蟹肝胰腺中,三组间酸性磷酸酶和碱性磷酸酶活力不存在显著差异(P>0.05)。因此,在中华绒螯蟹池塘养殖模式下,在合理的种植水花生的基础上投喂配合饲料有利于幼蟹生长、消化和脂肪积累,以及增强幼蟹抗氧化和免疫能力。本研究可为配合饲料投喂模式的推广以及将水花生作为植食性饵料添加到中华绒螯蟹幼蟹配合饲料中的开发提供科学参考与理论基础。In this study, we aimed to evaluate the effects of different diets on the growth and physiological and biochemical characteristics of juvenile Chinese mitten crabs(Eriocheir sinensis) during the pond culture process. To do so, we conducted experiments to compare the growth performance and the activities of digestive enzymes, antioxidant enzymes, and immune enzymes of Chinese mitten crabs fed a diet consisting of alligator weed(Alternanthera philoxeroides, Diet1), a formulated diet(Diet2), and a mixed diet(Diet3). Three replicates were used for each treatment, with an experimental period of 120 d. The results indicate that:(1) At the end of the experiment, the terminal mass, weight gain rate, specific growth rate, and hepatopancreatic index of juvenile Chinese mitten crabs were significantly higher in crabs fed Diet2 than those in crabs fed Diet1 or Diet3.(2) The hepatopancreas and body crude fat content of juvenile Chinese mitten crabs were significantly higher for crabs fed Diet2 and Diet3 than that for crabs fed Diet1, whereas ash content showed an opposite trend.(3) Hepatopancreas α-amylase activity was the highest in crabs fed Diet3(P<0.05), whereas lipase activity was the highest in crabs fed Diet2(P<0.05).(4) Serum catalase activity was highest in crabs fed Diet1, whereas the total antioxidant capacity and malondialdehyde contents were significantly higher in crabs fed Diet2 and Diet3 than those in crabs fed Diet1.(5) Hepatopancreas serum catalase enzyme activity was the highest in juvenile Chinese mitten crabs fed Diet1, and superoxide dismutase activity and the total antioxidant capacity were highest in female crabs fed Diet2(P<0.05). The total antioxidant capacity was highest in male crabs fed Diet3(P<0.05).(6) The activity of acid phosphatase and alkaline phosphatase in the serum of juvenile Chinese mitten crabs was significantly higher in crabs fed Diet2 and Diet3 than that in crabs fed Diet1, whereas there was no significant difference in the activity of acid phosphatase and alkaline phosphatase in t

关 键 词：中华绒螯蟹 幼蟹 投喂模式 生化组成 消化酶 抗氧化性 非特异性免疫 

分 类 号：S931[农业科学—渔业资源]