从官式大厝到四房看厅--泉州传统民居演变探析  

From Mansion-style Dwellings to Four Rooms Around Hall:Analysis on the Evolution of Traditional Dwellings in Quanzhou

作　　者：郑胜华 关瑞明[1] Zheng Shenghua;Guan Ruiming

机构地区：[1]福州大学建筑学院

出　　处：《华中建筑》2021年第4期121-125,共5页Huazhong Architecture

摘　　要：一种民居形式,其居住空间只能满足当时当地的生活需求,随着时间的推移,更新型民居不断涌现。纵观泉州传统民居的演变过程,官式大厝是一种型制稳定的传统民居类型。随着经济水平的发展,居住需求的提升和城市用地的限制,民居类型不断推陈出新。从平房到楼房,出现了官式大厝的“楼房版”。与此同时,泉籍华侨从南洋带回的殖民样式与官式大厝结合,出现了官式大厝的“洋房版”。进入和平年代,可以看出官式大厝的演变沿着两条路径:主厝顶落空间的“楼化”及其厅口廊的“洋化”,由此形成了一种平面布局为四房一厅一堂的“四房看厅”新型民居。该文认为:从官式大厝到四房看厅,其中有延续,也有创新,处处显示传统民居类设计的内涵实质。A form of residential housing,the living space can only meet the local needs of life at that time,as time geos on,newer residential houses continue to emerge.Throughout the evolution of the traditional residences in Quanzhou,the mansion-style dwelling(Guan-shi-da-cuo)is a stable type of traditional residence.With the development of the economic level,the improvement of housing demand and the restrictions of urban land use,the types of residential houses are constantly being updated.From the bungalow to the building,there was a"building version"of the mansion-style dwellings.At the same time,the colonial style brought back by the overseas Chinese from the Southeast Asian countries was combined with the mansion-style dwellings,and the"Western-style houses version"of the mansion-style dwellings appeared.Entering the era of peace,we can see that the evolution of the mansion-style dwellings was along two paths:the"Transformation to the building"of the main space and the"foreignization"of the hall porch.Therefore,a new type of"Four rooms around hall"with a flat layout of four rooms and one hall has been formed.We believe that from the mansion-style dwelling to the four rooms around hall,there are continuations and innovations,which shows the essence of analogical design of traditional houses.

关 键 词：传统民居 官式大厝 四房看厅 演变 类设计 

分 类 号：TU241.5[建筑科学—建筑设计及理论]