重大传染病疫情报告与信息披露制度完善的思考--以《传染病防治法》修改为中心  

Research on Improvement of Major Infectious Disease Report and Information Disclosure System

作　　者：凤启龙 王启辉 FENG Qi-long;WANG Qi-hui(School of Public Health,Southeast University,Nanjing 210009,China)

机构地区：[1]东南大学公共卫生学院,南京210009

出　　处：《江苏行政学院学报》2021年第2期130-136,共7页The Journal of Jiangsu Administration Institute

基　　金：河海大学中央高校基本科研业务费项目“规划疫苗接种人身损害救济权配置研究”(2019B03914);南京市社会科学基金“突发公共卫生事件背景下南京家庭医生制度建设研究”(20YB26)的阶段性成果。

摘　　要：发现-报告-披露,是重大传染病应急管理的首要阶段和首要任务。现行《传染病防治法》规定的重大传染病疫情报告与信息披露制度,在立法目的﹑体制机制﹑保障措施方面存在不足。为保障重大传染病疫情报告与信息披露的及时性和准确性,《传染病防治法》的立法目的应当保护“安全”和“秩序”目的。应当确立医师对重大传染病疫情报告的法定义务、公民对疫情信息披露的权利和网络结构化的社会共治,并建立基于医师专业和独立判断的网络直报机制、多源化的传染病疫情监测平台、多病种和跨学科的传染病风险评估常设专家库,赋予县市(区)级人民政府的披露职责,为重大传染病疫情防控决策和集体行动提供及时、准确的信息保障。Discovery, reporting, and disclosure constitute the primary stages and tasks of emergency management for major infectious diseases. China’s major infectious disease epidemic situation report and information disclosure system have deficiencies in terms of legislative purposes, institutional mechanisms, and safeguards. In order to ensure timeliness and accuracy, the original legislative purpose of the Law of the PRC on the Prevention and Treatment of Infectious Diseases should be amended to serve the purpose of "safety" and "order". There are many problems concerning institutional mechanisms, such as the institutional separation between discoverers of infectious disease epidemic and those people who responsible for reporting the epidemic, failure of government emergency decision-making information under hierarchical management, legal gaps in reporting of infectious diseases of unknown origin, an administrative monopoly on the power to disclose epidemic information, and so on. It is necessary to establish the statutory obligations of physicians for reporting major infectious diseases, the right of citizens to disclose epidemic information, and network-structured social co-governance. Furthermore, we should establish a network-based direct reporting mechanism based on the professional and independent judgment of physicians, a multi-source epidemic monitoring platform, and a cross-departmental and interdisciplinary permanent expert think tank for infectious disease risk assessment. The people’s governments at the county and city(district)levels should be given the disclosure responsibility. In this way, it should provide timely and accurate information guarantee for decision-making and collective action on the prevention and control of major infectious diseases.

关 键 词：重大传染病 疫情报告 信息披露 

分 类 号：D915.4[政治法律—诉讼法学]