茶园应用植保无人飞机的可行性评价  

Feasibility Evaluation of the Appilcation of Unmanned Aerial Vehicle for Tea Plant Protection

作　　者：楚博 罗逢健[1] 罗宗秀[1] 刘岩 楼正云[1] 陈华才[2] 蔡晓明[1] CHU Bo;LUO Fengjian;LUO Zongxiu;LIU Yan;LOU Zhengyun;CHEN Huacai;CAI Xiaoming(Tea Research Institute of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences,Hangzhou 310008,China;China Jiliang University,Hangzhou 310018,China)

机构地区：[1]中国农业科学院茶叶研究所农产品质量安全研究中心,浙江杭州310008 [2]中国计量大学,浙江杭州310018

出　　处：《茶叶科学》2021年第2期203-212,共10页Journal of Tea Science

基　　金：国家重点研发计划(2016YFD0200900);浙江重点研发计划项目(2019C02033);现代农业产业技术体系(CARS-19);浙江省农业重大技术协同推广计划(2020XTTGCY01-02)。

摘　　要：为评估植保无人飞机在茶园应用的可行性,在茶园测试了无人飞机施药的雾滴沉积分布、对小贯小绿叶蝉(Empoasca onuki)防治效果,以及6种农药在茶叶中残留量。结果表明,供试的无人飞机喷雾喷头、飞防助剂对无人飞机喷雾的雾滴沉积分布影响不显著。无人飞机施药的雾滴大小、雾滴密度、沉积量等均优于背负式电动喷雾器,但无人飞机施药的均匀性较差。常规用水量下,其药液沉积量的变异系数是常规背负式电动喷雾器的2.40倍。相同用药量、常规用水量下,无人飞机喷施虫螨腈对小贯小绿叶蝉的防效与背负式电动喷雾器相当。但当无人飞机作业用药量减少25%后,防效显著降低,仅为背负式电动喷雾器施药的58.70%。相同用药量、常规用水量下,无人飞机喷施虫螨腈、溴氰菊酯、茚虫威等6种化学农药后7 d,干茶中的农药残留量是背负式电动喷雾器施药1.20~2.44倍。鉴于无人飞机施药可显著提高茶叶中农药残留水平,茶园中推广、应用无人飞机施药应需谨慎。In order to evaluate the feasibility of unmanned aerial vehicle(UAV)for tea plant protection,the droplet deposition distribution,control effect on small green leafhoppers(Empoasca onukii),and pesticide residues between UAV and knapsack electric sprayer(KES)were tested and compared.The results show that nozzles and adjuvants of UAV had little effect on droplet deposition distribution.The droplet size,droplet density and droplet deposition of UAV were better than those of KES,but the uniformity of droplet deposition was worse.The coefficient of variation of droplet deposition by UAV was 2.44 times higher than that by KES with common spraying-water volumes.With the same amount of chlorfenapyr and common spraying-water volumes,the control efficacy to tea leafhopper by UAV was similar with that by KES.However,when the dosage of chlorfenapyr was reduced by 25%,the control efficacy by UAV was significantly declined.Under the same dosage and regular water consumption,the pesticide residues of 6 pesticides,including chlorfenapyr,deltamethrin,indoxacarb sprayed by UAV were 1.20-2.44 times higher than those by KES.Since significantly increasing the pesticide residues in tea,the application of UAV for tea plant protection should be treated with caution.

关 键 词：植保无人机 茶园 沉积分布 防治效果 农药残留 

分 类 号：S571.1[农业科学—茶叶生产加工]