不同施氮量下采收时间对烤烟经济性状及品质的影响  

Effects of Harvesting Time on Economic Characters and Quality of Flue-cured Tobacco Under Different Application Amounts of Nitrogen Fertilizer

作　　者：刘雅娴 杜传印[3] 刘冰[3] 杨德廉 王毅[3] 孙刚[3] 管恩森[3] 马兴华[1] 徐秀红[1] LIU Ya-xian;DU Chuan-yin;LIU Bing;YANG De-lian;WANG Yi;SUN Gang;GUAN En-sen;MA Xing-hua;XU Xiu-hong(Tobacco Research Institute of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences/Key Laboratory of Tobacco Biology Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs,Shandong Qingdao 266101,China;Graduate School,Chinese Acadeny of Agricultural Sciences,Beijing 100081,China;Weifang Tobacco Company of Shandong Province,Shandong Weifang 261205,China)

机构地区：[1]中国农业科学院烟草研究所,农业农村部烟草生物学与加工重点实验室,山东青岛266101 [2]中国农业科学院研究生院,北京100081 [3]山东潍坊烟草有限公司,山东潍坊261205

出　　处：《西南农业学报》2021年第2期334-339,共6页Southwest China Journal of Agricultural Sciences

基　　金：中国烟草总公司山东省公司科技重点项目“提高上部烟叶工业可用性的关键技术研究”(201805);山东潍坊烟草有限公司科技项目“新型生物质烘烤能源的开发与应用”(2017-17);山东潍坊烟草有限公司科技项目“潍坊中棵烟生产技术集成示范与应用”(2018-40)。

摘　　要：【目的】为探究不同施氮量下适宜的烟叶采收时间。【方法】以NC55为材料,设置了3个氮肥用量处理,分别为52.5 kg/hm^(2)(N1)、67.5 kg/hm^(2)(N2)和82.5 kg/hm^(2)(N3);3个采收时间处理,分别为打顶后30 d(S1)、打顶后35 d(S2)、打顶后40 d(S3),分析了不同处理对叶片SPAD值、鲜干比及烤后烟经济性状、化学成分和感官质量的影响。【结果】随着施氮量增加,SPAD值增大,鲜干比值减小,烟碱、总氮含量提高,总糖、还原糖含量和糖碱比降低。采收时间推迟,SPAD值显著降低,烟碱含量增加,还原糖含量先增后减。52.5 kg/hm^(2)施氮量下打顶后30 d采收,67.5 kg/hm^(2)施氮量下打顶后35 d采收,82.5 kg/hm^(2)施氮量下打顶后40 d采收处理烟叶上等烟比例和均价较高,烤后烟外观质量和感官质量较好。【结论】综合比较可得,N3S3处理(施氮量82.5 kg/hm^(2),打顶后40 d采收)烤后烟叶外观质量和感官质量方面优于其它处理,烟碱含量适宜,总糖、还原糖含量较高。【Objective】The present paper aimed to study the suitable harvest time of tobacco leaf under different application amounts of nitrogen fertilizer.【Method】NC55 cultivar was used and three application amount of nitrogen fertilizer were set up as follows,N1:52.5 kg/hm^(2),N2:67.5 kg/hm^(2),N3:82.5 kg/hm^(2).The three harvest time treatments were as follows:30 days after topping(S1),35 days after topping(S2)and 40 days after topping(S3).The leaf SPAD value,the ratio of fresh to dry,economic characters,chemical composition,and quality of tobacco after curing were analyzed.【Result】With the increase of nitrogen application amount,the SPAD value increased significantly,the ratio of fresh to dry decreased,the content of nicotine and total nitrogen increased significantly,the total sugar,reducing sugar and sugar alkali ratio decreased significantly.The harvest time was delayed,the SPAD value decreased significantly,the nicotine content increased,and the reducing sugar content increased firstly and then decreased.The three treatments,52.5 kg/hm^(2) nitrogen application amountand harvest 30 days after topping,67.5 kg/hm^(2) nitrogen application amountand harvest 35 days after topping,82.5 kg/hm^(2) nitrogen applicationamount and harvest 40 days after topping,showed higher proportion of superior flue-cured tobacco and average price of flue-cured tobacco,and higher appearance and sensory quality of flue-cured tobacco.【Conclusion】Compared with all treatments,N3 S3 treatment was superior to other treatments in appearance and sensory quality of flue-cured tobacco leaves.Nicotine content was suitable,total sugar content was higher,and reducing sugar content was higher.

关 键 词：施氮量 采收时间 经济性状 烟叶质量 

分 类 号：S572[农业科学—烟草工业]