媒介变革与媒介变量:实用艺术新论  

Media Transformation and Media Variables:A New Theory of Practical Art

作　　者：蓝凡 LAN Fan(China-ASEAN Academy of Arts,Chengdu.Sichuan 610106;Shanghai Film Academy,Shanghai University,Shanghai 200062)

机构地区：[1]中国-东盟艺术学院,四川成都610106 [2]上海大学上海电影学院,上海200062

出　　处：《艺术百家》2021年第1期30-48,共19页Hundred Schools In Arts

基　　金：上海大学上海电影学院高峰学科资助项目阶段性成果;上海市重点学科建设“电影学”资助项目(项目编号:S30103)阶段性成果之一。

摘　　要：实用艺术不是艺术分类的结果,而是相对于观赏艺术(纯艺术)的艺术基本形态之一。实用艺术与纯艺术(观赏艺术)的最大区别是它的材料和使用的特殊性。将实用艺术仅限定在"造型艺术"之中,这是用西方视点观察"艺术"的结果。人类创造的精神世界——艺术,在本质上就存在两种形态:在日常生活中能同时被使用的艺术——实用艺术形态和不能被使用仅供观赏的艺术——纯艺术(观赏艺术)形态。实用艺术的本质也就是艺术的本质。以叙事为本质的艺术,依赖人类的感觉经验——审美(审美或审丑),通过叙事(故事、情节和细节)的展开,获得情感的宣泄与接受,最终达到人类精神的交流。实用艺术的三大本质特征,在于使用性与审美性、使用性与形象性和使用性与情感性的矛盾统一,并从而构筑起本质特征的三条刚性原则:使用性与艺术性不能分离的一致性原则,使用性与功能性互为重叠的互叠性原则和使用性与人类同步的随同性原则。设计是人类从另一种新的维度上对人类创造活动实践的一种概括,但设计不是一种新兴的艺术类型——艺术分类的结果。设计学作为独立学科的确立,其魅力在于艺术,审美化、形象化和情感化构成了实用艺术叙事的特征,也是设计叙事的最基本特征。设计的审美是通过不同的形状、线条和色彩的表达,形象是通过不同的具象和抽象的形象构造,情感是通过不同的情趣、意趣和志趣的传递,以"艺术性"——创造性地完成设计目标,展开设计过程,达成设计结果。人类即将进入智能文明时期,艺术的实用功能将从特定功能变为通用功能,实用的形态(行为和物品)也将从特定通约化为一般的行为和物品。艺术的精神性将逐渐融合在物质性与实用性之中,彼岸的世界将逐渐融合在此岸的世界之中,观众观看的叙事的艺术将逐渐成为观众参与的�Applied art is not the result of a classification of art--a type of art.Applied art is one of the basic forms of art as opposed to ornamental art(pure art).The biggest difference between applied art and pure art(ornamental art)is the particularity of its materials and use.For a long time,applied art has been regarded as"the same term"for applied art,applied art,industrial art and special craft,and applied art has been limited to"plastic art",which is the result of observing"art"from the western perspective.In fact,the spiritual world created by human beings,art,in essence,has two forms:art that can be used simultaneously in daily life,the form of practical art,and art that cannot be used only for viewing,the form of pure art(ornamental art).The essence of practical art is the essence of art.With narration as the essence,art relies on human’s sensory experience--aesthetics(aesthetics or judging ugliness).Through narration(stories,plots and details),art can obtain the catharsis and acceptance of emotions,and finally achieve the communication of human spirit.Three big essential feature of practical art,usability and aesthetics,usability and iconicity and the contradiction between usability and affective unification,and thus build up the essential characteristics of three rigid principles:usability and artistic cannot separate the consistency principle,usability and functionality are overlapping each other overlays sex principle and practicability and principle of human synchronization with the gay.Design is a generalization of human creative activities from another new dimension,but design is not an emerging art type--the result of art classification.As an independent discipline,the charm of design lies in art.It connects human technology and industry with art and"introduces"technology and industry into the spiritual world of human beings.This is a civilization unique to human beings and the future of human civilization.Today,human beings are about to enter the period of intelligent civilization.The practical func

关 键 词：艺术理论 媒介变革与变量 实用艺术 实用艺术本质 工业设计 

分 类 号：J0[艺术—艺术理论]