汉译佛经中疑问词“云何”的功能演变--以《维摩诘经》汉译本为中心  

On the Functional Evolution of the Interrogative Pronoun“Yunhe”in Chinese Translations of Buddhist Scriptures——Based on Three Different Versions of Chinese Translation of the Vimalakīrtinirde sá-sūtra

作　　者：李璠希 LI Fanxi(Department of Linguistics,Graduate School of Chinese Academy of Social Sciences,Beijing,China 102488)

机构地区：[1]中国社会科学院研究生院语言学系,北京102488

出　　处：《温州大学学报（社会科学版）》2021年第2期16-25,共10页Journal of Wenzhou University：Social Science Edition

基　　金：教育部人文社会科学研究青年基金项目(14YJC740025)。

摘　　要：梵汉对勘与同经异译两类资料有益于汉译佛经的解读。虽然前者不能直接用于佛经词语意义演变研究,但后者可为其提供良好的语料基础。通过对《维摩诘经》中一组同经异译资料的比勘考察发现:疑问词“云何”在三国吴支谦译经中的主要用法是“作状语询问方式”;在姚秦鸠摩罗什译经中,其用法仍以“作状语询问方式”为主,不过“作主语询问事物”的用法也呈现较高的使用频率;在唐玄奘译经中,“云何”的主流用法已不再是“作状语询问方式”,而是“作主语询问事物”。It is generally believed that two types of materials,namely,the comparison between Sanskrit and Chinese and different translations of Buddhist scriptures,are useful in understanding the language of Chinese-translated Buddhist scriptures.Though Sanskrit-Chinese parallels cannot be directly applied to the study of the changes in the usage of a particular word in Buddhist scriptures in different times,the translations of the same scripture from one era to another can provide a good linguistic basis for such a study.Based on a set of translations of Vimalakīrtinirde sá-sūtra,this paper investigates the practical usage of the interrogative pronoun“Yunhe”(云何)in the Chinese translations of Buddhist scriptures in different times,and presents some main findings as follows.Firstly,in Zhiqian’s translation of the Sanskrit Scriptures,the interrogative pronoun“Yunhe”is mainly used as an adverbial to ask about the present situation,which is still the main function in Kumārajiva’s translation.Secondly,in Kumārajiva’s translation,“Yunhe”at a high frequency fills the subject position to ask about the relevant thing.Lastly,“Yunhe”is dominantly used as a subject in Xuanzang’s translation.

关 键 词：同经异译 云何 《维摩诘经》 

分 类 号：H109.2[语言文字—汉语]