平台经济下劳动者职业安全探究——基于对北京X站点外卖骑手的劳动社会学调查  

Occupational Safety of Workers in Platform Economy——Based on the Sociological Survey of the Labor of Food Delivery Riders at X Site in Beijing

作　　者：涂永前[1] 谢文曦 熊赟 TU Yongqian;XIE Wenxi;XIONG Yun(School of Labor and Human Resources,Renmin University of China,Beijing,China 100872;Human Resources Department,China Satellite Communications Co.,Ltd.,Beijing,China 100870;Deapartment of Sociology,Peking Universty,Beijing,China 100872)

机构地区：[1]中国人民大学劳动人事学院,北京100872 [2]中国卫通集团人力资源部,北京100870 [3]北京大学社会学系,北京100872

出　　处：《温州大学学报（社会科学版）》2021年第2期26-38,共13页Journal of Wenzhou University：Social Science Edition

基　　金：中央高校基本科研业务费专项资金项目(15XNB009);国家社会科学基金项目(19BFX178);中国人民大学科学研究重大规划项目(2020030030)。

摘　　要：平台经济劳动者的职业安全近年来颇受关注。以北京市X站点为研究对象,分析外卖骑手职业安全影响因素,发现在"资本―劳动者―消费者―商家"的四方主体关系中,其面对任意主体均处于弱势;平台通过限时计件工资制和消费者主导的工作质量评价系统,将监管控制权转移至消费者以实现对外卖骑手的经济控制;为提高收入,外卖骑手延长软件在线时间、缩短每一单配送时间,导致产生超长工作时间、违反交通规则等不安全因素。时间是影响外卖骑手职业安全的最关键因素。应完善互联网餐饮配送行业的用工模式和制度,设定最低小时工资标准,规范奖惩机制;更新平台算法,分割商家出餐时间和外卖骑手配送时间;完善劳动关系界定标准,强化各主体的责任,维护外卖骑手合法权益。The occupational safety of workers in platform economy has attracted much attention in recent years.Taking the food delivery riders at X Site in Beijing as the research object,this paper analyzes factors affecting occupational safety and finds that in the relationship of four players of“capital-labor-consumer-restaurant”,the rider is in a weak position when facing any player.Through the time-limited piecework wage system and the consumer-oriented work quality evaluation system,the platform transfers the power of regulatory control to consumers to achieve the economic control of the riders.In order to increase income,riders have to extend the online time and shorten the delivery time of each order,which leads to excessive working hours and traffic violations.The core factor affecting the riders’occupational safety is time.The employment model and system of online food delivery platform should be optimized to safeguard the legitimate rights and interests of the riders by setting the standard of minimum hourly wage,standardizing the reward and punishment mechanism,updating the platform’s algorithm to divide the cooking time of merchants and the delivery time of riders,improving the criteria for defining labor relations,and strengthening the responsibilities of all players.

关 键 词：计件工资制 配送时间 控制权转移 用工模式 工资标准 在线时间 社会学调查 违反交通规则 

分 类 号：F249.27[经济管理—劳动经济] D922.5[经济管理—国民经济] C976.1[政治法律—民商法学]