儿童友好型城市建设:发展中国家经验及其启示  

Creating Child-friendly Cities:Experiences and Implications of Developing Countries

作　　者：张会平 Zhang Hui-ping

机构地区：[1]中国人民大学社会学理论与方法研究中心,北京100872 [2]中国人民大学社会工作与社会政策系

出　　处：《社会建设》2021年第2期64-74,45,共12页Social Construction

基　　金：中国人民大学2019年度“中央高校建设世界一流大学(学科)和特色发展引导专项资金”。

摘　　要：儿童友好型城市是保障儿童权利实现、推动儿童健康成长的重要社会环境。当前中国在儿童友好城市建设的顶层设计、建设试点的广度和深度等方面存在不足。基于对联合国儿童友好相关政策概念的梳理,选取白俄罗斯、越南和巴西三个发展中国家作为案例,对儿童友好型城市建设中的政府责任与角色、认证与评估体系、优先发展领域进行系统回顾。三个发展中国家建设儿童友好城市具有共同经验,即政府发挥主导作用,积极进行政策制定和倡导;建立了一套完备的评估指标体系和监测体系;通过基础设施建设和项目推动来保障儿童的参与和权益,同时它们分别存在过度依赖政府、忽视设置提升指标、儿童参与程度和氛围不足等问题。中国建设儿童友好型城市须从加强顶层设计、建立符合本国实际的儿童友好型城市评估指标体系、构建多方联动合作机制和创新儿童参与途径等方面着力开展系统性建设。A child-friendly city is an important social environment that guarantees the realization of children’s rights and promotes children’s healthy growth.China currently has deficiencies in the top-level design of the construction of child-friendly cities,the breadth and depth of construction pilots,and so on.Based on the review of UN child-friendly policy concepts,three developing countries of Belarus,Vietnam and Brazil were selected as cases to systematically review the government responsibilities and roles,certification and evaluation systems,and priority development areas in the construction of child-friendly cities.There are some common experiences of these three developing countries in building child-friendly cities,that are,the government played a leading role in actively formulating policies and advocacy;established a complete evaluation index system and monitoring system;utilized infrastructure construction and projects to promote children’s participation and rights.Their respective problems are over-reliance on the government,neglect to set up promotion indicators,and insufficient children’s participation level and atmosphere.According to the above experiences and problems,China’s construction of child-friendly cities must focus on systematic construction by strengthening the top-level design,establishing a child-friendly city evaluation index system that is in line with the actual conditions of the country,building a multi-party cooperation mechanism,and innovating ways for children to participate.

关 键 词：儿童友好型城市 儿童权利 发展中国家 

分 类 号：TU984[建筑科学—城市规划与设计]