注意焦点的追加反馈对模拟足球接球任务反应时影响的实验研究  

An Experimental Study of Effects of Augmented Feedback of Attentional Focus on Reaction Time in a Simulated Soccer Ball Catching Task

作　　者：谭嘉辉[1] 刘涛 周兴生[3] 赖勤[4] TAN Jia-hui;LIU Tao;ZHOU Xing-sheng;LAI Qin(Department of physical education,Ocean University of China,Qingdao 266100,China;QING DAO LAO SHAN NO.7 Middle school,Qingdao 266100,China;Football school,Guangzhou Sport University,Guangzhou 510500,China;Division of Kinesiology,Health&Sport Studies,Wayne State University,Detroit 48202,MI USA)

机构地区：[1]中国海洋大学体育系,山东青岛266100 [2]青岛市崂山区第七中学,山东青岛266100 [3]广州体育学院足球学院,广东广州510500 [4]韦恩州立大学体育健康与运动科学系,美国底特律密歇根州48202

出　　处：《广州体育学院学报》2021年第2期48-52,共5页Journal of Guangzhou Sport University

摘　　要：研究的目的是调查在模拟足球接球任务中不同注意焦点的追加反馈对受试者手指按键动作反应时快慢的影响。80名大学生参与者被随机分成4个组:外部注意焦点-描述性反馈(组1)、外部注意焦点-处方性反馈(组2)、内部注意焦点-描述性反馈(组3)和内部注意焦点-处方性反馈(组4)。在技能获得阶段,所有受试者都进行了7个模块的任务练习,并且48h后进行保持测试。在技能获得阶段,按33%的反馈频率向受试者提供了追加反馈,而在保持测试阶段没有追加反馈。结果显示:在技能获得和保持测试阶段,注意焦点类型和追加反馈方式对受试者的手指按键反应时都呈现出了非常显著性的差异。与内部注意焦点相比,外部注意焦点更利于产生更快的反应时;与描述性反馈相比,处方性反馈对于降低反应时的优势更大。结论:在技能获得和保持测试阶段,外部注意焦点和处方性反馈更有利于大学生初学者开放性认知技能的学习和表现。The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of different augmented feedback of attentional focus on the reaction time of finger keystrokes in asimulated soccer ball catching task.Eighty undergraduate students who participated in this study were randomly and equally assigned into one of four experimental conditions including:External focus of attention-Descriptive KP(Group 1),External focus of attention-Prescriptive KP(Group 2),Internal focus of attention-Descriptive KP(Group 3),and Internal focus of attention-Prescriptive KP(Group 4).All the participants practiced the task with 7 blocks during acquisition phase,followed by a renetion test two days later.They received 33%augmented feedback in the acquisition but no augmented feedback for the retention.The results revealed significant differences on feedback type and attentional focus in acquisition and retention phases.Specifically,the external mode of attentional focus led to faster reaction time relative to the internal mode of attentional focus;The prescriptive feedback had greater advantages in reducing the reaction time compared to the descriptive feedback.Conclusion:in acquisition and retention phases,the external attentional focus and prescriptive feedback produces a greater positive effect on open cognitive motor learning for undergraduate beginner.

关 键 词：注意焦点 追加反馈 开放性认知技能 接球 反应时 

分 类 号：G843[文化科学—体育训练]