基于实际轨迹的数控机床性能综合评价方法研究  

Comprehensive evaluation method of CNC machinetool performance based on actual trajectory

作　　者：王小刚[1] 王隆太[2] WANG Xiao-gang;WANG Long-tai(Department of Traffic Engineering,Yangzhou Polytechnic Institute,Yangzhou 225127,China;Department of Mechanical Engineering,Yangzhou University,Yangzhou 225009,China)

机构地区：[1]扬州工业职业技术学院交通工程学院,江苏扬州225127 [2]扬州大学机械工程学院,江苏扬州225009

出　　处：《机电工程》2021年第4期511-515,共5页Journal of Mechanical & Electrical Engineering

基　　金：国家级中高职教师素质协同提升资助项目(2018G14);江苏省自然科学基金资助项目(BK20190371);扬州工业职业技术学院教育教学改革课题资助项目(2018XJJG01)。

摘　　要：为了对机床的加工性能进行量化综合评价,对五轴数控机床的加工速度和加工精度指标进行了研究,提出了一种基于实际轨迹的二维综合评价方法。通过引入圆柱表面及其扩展平面,控制了旋转轴和线性轴的组合运动;通过对多边形的轨迹进行指令控制,提取了电机编码器的位置,并将其传递到扩展平面上,得到了其实际轨迹;将指令轨迹与扩展平面上实际轨迹的差值作为误差,在速度和误差两个性能指标上同时对数控机床的高速、高精度的性能进行了评价;最后,使用多边形设计了8个测试用例,并对多台数控机床进行了实验测试。研究结果表明:该方法能够利用实际速度和最大误差的二维图形,对数控机床的高速、高精度性能进行定量、清晰的综合评价。Aiming at the problem of quantitative comprehensive evaluation of machine tool machining performance,the speed and accuracy indexes of 5-axis CNC machine tools were studied,and a two-dimensional comprehensive evaluation method based on actual trajectory was proposed.The combined motion of the rotation axis and the linear axis was controlled by introducing the cylindrical surface and its extended plane.Through the instruction control of the trajectory of the polygon,the position of the motor encoder was extracted and transferred to the extended plane to get the actual trajectory.Taking the difference between the instruction trajectory and the actual trajectory on the expansion plane as error,the high-speed and high-precision performance was evaluated simultaneously in terms of speed and error.Eight test cases were designed by using polygons,and several CNC machine tools were tested.The results indicate that the proposed method can quantitatively and clearly evaluate the high-speed and high-precision performance of CNC machine tools by using the two-dimensional graph of actual speed and maximum error.

关 键 词：数控机床 加工性能 量化综合评价 加工速度 加工精度 

分 类 号：TH161.5[机械工程—机械制造及自动化] TG659[金属学及工艺—金属切削加工及机床]