引种无核葡萄在昆明地区的表现及果实品质综合评价  

The Performance and Fruit Quality Evaluation of Introduced Seedless Grapes in Kunming

作　　者：张海明 邵建辉[2,3] 曹慧玲 王淼[3,4] 朱怡凡 朱书生 何霞红[2] 马春花[1,3] ZHANG Hai-ming;SHAO Jian-hui;CAO Hui-ling;WANG Miao;ZHU Yi-fan;ZHU Shu-sheng;HE Xia-hong;MA Chun-hua(College of Horticulture,Yunnan Agricultural University,Kunming Yunnan 650201,P.R.China;Key Laboratory of Agro-Biodiversity and Pest Management of Education Ministry of China,Yunnan Agricultural University,Kunming Yunnan 650201,P.R.China;Grape and Wine Engineering&Technology Research Center,Yunnan Agricultural University,Kunming Yunnan 650201,P.R.China;College of Food Science and Technology,Yunnan Agricultural University,Kunming Yunnan 650201,P.R.China)

机构地区：[1]云南农业大学园林园艺学院,云南昆明650201 [2]云南农业大学农业生物多样性与病虫害控制教育部重点实验室,云南昆明650201 [3]云南农业大学云南省高校葡萄与葡萄酒工程技术研究中心,云南昆明650201 [4]云南农业大学食品科学技术学院,云南昆明650201

出　　处：《西部林业科学》2021年第2期99-108,共10页Journal of West China Forestry Science

基　　金：云南农业大学博士科研启动基金(A2002473);云南农业大学葡萄种质资源评价研究(K2400195);云南省教育厅科技研究基金项目(2020J0259)。

摘　　要：为丰富昆明地区鲜食葡萄品种的栽培多样性,对17个引种无核葡萄品种在昆明地区的栽培特性和果实品质进行调查和综合评价。结果表明:(1)根据17个品种的熟性可分为极早熟、早熟、中熟、晚熟和极晚熟5类,植株长势差异较大,具有丰富的遗传多样性,蕴含着良好的选择潜力;(2)17个品种的形态指标变异系数介于13.43%~43.49%,其中百粒重和单粒质量变异系数最大;(3)可将成熟时的17个品种的果实色泽分为4类,即黄绿色、粉红色、红色和蓝墨色,可滴定酸TA是果实品质综合评价的重要指标之一;(4)各品种的穿刺力(Fsk)介于2.38~5.65 N,穿刺能量(Wsk)介于4.24~13.35 mj,不同品种在硬度和口感上存在较大变异;(5)通过建立无核葡萄综合品质评价模型,得到17个品种的优良度排序,筛选出综合品质优良的品种是‘美丽无核’‘紫甜无核’和‘郑果大无核’,最差的品种是‘希姆劳特’‘康能无核’‘金星无核’,同时可将17个品种聚为6类,较好地区分开了不同优良度的品种。In order to enrich the cultivation diversity of table grape varieties in Kunming,the cultivation characteristics and comprehensive fruit quality of 17 seedless grape varieties introduced in Kunming were investigated and evaluated.The results showed,(1)17 seedless grape varieties were five kinds including early maturity,maturity,mid-rip,late-maturing,very late ripening.So they have good genetic potential because plant growth vigour have obvious difference and abundant genetic diversity.(2)Their coefficient of variation of morphological indicators is between 13.43~43.49 in which the coefficient of variation of 100-seed weight and single seed weight are maximum.External fruit color were four kinds including yellow green,pink,red and blue-ink.(4)Fsk is between 2.38~5.65 N,Wsk is between 4.24~13.35 mj.Hardness and tasted have obvious variation among different varietes.Based on the established comprehensive quality evaluation model of seedless grapes,the rankings of 17 seedless grape varieties were obtained,and the varieties with the best comprehensive quality were selected as‘beauty seedless’,‘Zitian seedless’and‘Zhengguo big seedless’,the worst varieties are‘Himrod’,‘Canadice’and‘Venus Seedless’.17 seedless grape varieties were classified into six categories by cluster analysis with 12 indicators as used by PCA.These results will lay a theoretical foundation for enriching the cultivation diversity of table grape varieties in Kunming.

关 键 词：无核葡萄 栽培特性 果实综合品质 主成分分析 聚类分析 

分 类 号：S663.1[农业科学—果树学]