新动词发展原因探究  

Vacancy:the Impetus of New Verbs Production

作　　者：罗琭昕[1] Luo Luxin(Nanjing University)

机构地区：[1]南京大学文学院

出　　处：《中国语言战略》2017年第2期83-93,共11页China Language Strategies

摘　　要：本文认为缺位是新动词发展的原因。分析了概念缺位、对应缺位、情感缺位三种缺位。新事物、新概念的出现要求源源不断地产生新动词来对概念缺位进行填补。对应缺位着眼于言际,强调语言接触的作用,主要是受到来自外来词和方言词的渗透,借用、产生新词新义,在吸收的过程中又加以改造、创新。情感缺位强调使用者的情感因素是推动力,最重要的是在表示程度加深的时候,动词本身可以向上“升级”,寻求更高的可以覆盖“程度+原动词”语义的替代者。这点不同于常说的震惊值被磨损了,追新求异才产生新词的解释。文章强调情感缺位是始终存在的,而且它需要被占据,占据的触发条件是当程度加深的手段几近饱和,满足占据的要求则是替代者要拥有不小于更深一步(即“程度+原动词”)的语义。动词并非因为不够用了才产生新动词,而是由于缺位的存在,我们才生命不息,造词不止。The development of modern Chinese language is so flourishing,new verbs among them also show a thriving situation.The reason why they are emerging so fast should be pay more attention.Vacancy is the reason.We find three kinds of vacancy made new verbs created and changed.Conception vacancy,corresponding vacancy,emotion vacancy,which are continuously demanding a steady stream of new verbs production.In these causes,it is the conception vacancy that calling new demands of new things lead to the increasing number of new verbs.Corresponding vacancy focus on language contact,it’s mainly influenced by load words and dialects to renew the different notions and create new verbs.Emotion vacancy emphasizes the users’emotion as an impetus factor,once the motivation is too much to express,and the ways to add degree are almost reaching saturation,the emotion vacancy itself will search for a“higher degree”verb as a substitute which can cover the meaning of“degree+V”to replace the“degree+V”.

关 键 词：概念缺位 对应缺位 情感缺位 

分 类 号：G63[文化科学—教育学]