基于压力-状态-响应模型的历史街区防火韧性评估体系构建及应用——以福州市三坊七巷为例  

Evaluation System for Fireproof Resilience of Urban Historical Blocks Based on Pressure-State-Response Model:A Case of Three Lanes and Seven Alleys in Fuzhou City

作　　者：闫晨[1] 陈锦涛 段芮 任维 兰思仁[1] YAN Chen;CHEN Jin-tao;DUAN Rui;REN Wei;LAN Si-ren(College of Landscape Architecture,Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University,Fuzhou 350002,China;Hangzhou Landscape Design Institute Co.,Ltd.,Hangzhou 310000,China)

机构地区：[1]福建农林大学园林学院,福州350002 [2]杭州园林设计院股份有限公司,杭州310000

出　　处：《科学技术与工程》2021年第8期3290-3296,共7页Science Technology and Engineering

基　　金：教育部人文社会科学研究青年基金(20YJC760079);福建农林大学艺术学院园林学院学科交叉融合引导项目(YSYL-xkjc-5)。

摘　　要：在韧性城市的建设背景下,历史街区的防火韧性被解释为:在降低火灾风险和维持自身稳定性的同时具备抵抗力、适应力和恢复力。基于“压力-状态-响应”模型,结合专家打分法和层次分析法,构建由33个指标层组成的历史街区防火韧性评估体系。以福州市三坊七巷为例开展的评估结果表明,该街区压力层潜在的刺激性较大,状态层暴露出的敏感性较高,但同时响应层表现出的适应性较强。针对研究结果,分别从建筑性能、街区空间和管理机制3个方面提出优化策略。研究成果既可为定量评估历史街区的消防能力提供参考依据,亦可为推进中国历史街区的保护和开发提供决策支持。In the context of building a resilient city,the fire resilience of historical blocks of a city is defined that it has resistance,adaptability,and resilience while reducing fire risk and maintaining its own stability.The Three Lanes and Seven Alleys(3L7A)are a historical blocks left in the old city of Fuzhou,where many ancient buildings since Jin,Tang,Ming,and Qing Dynasties in China are preserved.They are the historical and cultural roots of Fuzhou City.Based on the“Pressure-State-Response”(PSR)3-layered model,combined with expert scoring and analytic hierarchy process(AHP),an evaluation system of fire resilience of historical blocks was constructed,which is composed of 33 indicators.The evaluation results on the 3L7A historical blocks show that the pressure layer was potentially inducive,the state layer was highly sensitive,and the response layer showed strong adaptability.According to the research results,optimization strategies were proposed from three aspects:building performance,block space,and management mechanism.The research results not only provide a reference for quantitative evaluation of the fire protection capacity of historical blocks,but also offer decision support for the protection and development of historical blocks in China.

关 键 词：历史街区 防火 压力-状态-响应模型 评估体系 韧性城市 

分 类 号：TU984.116[建筑科学—城市规划与设计]