消防员职业安全健康风险及保障措施研究现状与建议  

Research status and suggestions on occupational safety and health risks and safeguard measures of firefighters

作　　者：张立安 王慧飞 欧珏 侯亚欣 杨明[3] ZHANG Li’an;WANG Huifei;OU Jue;HOU Yaxin;YANG Ming(China People’s Police University Graduate School,Langfang,Hebei 065000,China;Central South University,Changsha,Hunan 410006,China;Langfang Normal University,Langfang,Hebei 065000,China)

机构地区：[1]中国人民警察大学研究生学院,河北廊坊065000 [2]中南大学,湖南长沙410006 [3]廊坊师范学院,河北廊坊065000

出　　处：《环境与职业医学》2021年第2期163-168,共6页Journal of Environmental and Occupational Medicine

基　　金：国家社科基金重点项目(16AZD020);河北省重点研发计划项目(19275602D);河北省社科发展课题(2019031201003)。

摘　　要：本研究通过分析国内外历年消防员伤亡的数据,发现消防员面临的健康风险包括灭火与应急救援、训练、长期接触有毒有害环境、高压力、高强度工作状态,造成消防员牺牲和受伤的原因包括火烧、窒息、摔伤、砸伤、爆炸、中毒、触电、交通事故等。本文进而从促进科学组训、完善消防员职业健康检查工作、提升消防员维权意识三个方面提出保障消防员职业健康的措施,以期减少消防救援人员不必要的伤亡。Through analyzing the firefighter death and injury statistics over the years at home and abroad, their health risks were discussed, including fire fighting and emergency rescue, training, long-term exposure to toxic, harmful environment, and high-pressure and high-intensity working conditions;the causes of their death and injury included fire, suffocation, fall, struck by objects, explosion, poisoning, electric shock, and traffic accident. Furthermore, measures to protect the occupational health of firefighters were proposed in three aspects: promoting scientific training, improving occupational health examination, and enhancing the awareness of rights protection, aiming to reduce unnecessary casualties of firefighters.

关 键 词：消防 职业健康 风险 法律意识 保障措施 

分 类 号：R136[医药卫生—劳动卫生]