新自由主义与民族保守主义的钟摆交替:欧美国家国际学生流动政策的逻辑与演变  

The Pendulum of Neoliberalism and National Conservatism:Logic and Evolution of International Student Mobility Policy

作　　者：马佳妮[1] Ma Jiani

机构地区：[1]北京师范大学教育学部,北京100875

出　　处：《江苏高教》2021年第4期107-115,共9页Jiangsu Higher Education

基　　金：北京市教育科学“十三五”规划2020年度重点课题“全球国际学生流动政策和举措的国际比较”(ABAA2020050)。

摘　　要：国际学生在一国发展中的战略地位毋庸置疑。在国际学生的招收和使用上,国家和政府不是被动的接收者,政府在国际学生的招收和使用方面扮演重要的建构性角色。通过梳理和解读国际学生流动政策和措施,文章进一步厘清了21世纪以来欧美发达国家国际学生流动政策背后的新自由主义和民族保守主义逻辑。欧美发达国家一方面意识到争夺国际学生对于在"全球人才竞赛"中增强国家竞争优势至关重要;另一方面为照顾本国日益消极的舆论和选民日益高涨的民族主义情绪,严格缩紧国际学生的移民签证。在不同阶段或者不同执政党领导时期,国际学生流动政策呈现出以国家利益为轴心,在新自由主义与民族保守主义之间来回摇摆的演变态势。如何在激烈的"全球人才竞赛"中保持优势与照顾到更加民族主义的国内舆论之间保持平衡,成为欧美国家国际学生流动政策的重点和难点。The strategic position of international students in the development of a country is beyond doubt.In the recruitment and use of international students,the state and government are not passive recipients.The government plays an important constructive role in the recruitment and use of international students.By sorting out and interpreting international student mobility policies and measures,this study further clarifies the neoliberal and national conservative logic behind the international student mobility policies of developed countries in Europe and the United States since the 21 st century.On the one hand,developed countries in Europe and the United States realized that the competition for international students is essential to enhance the country’s competitive advantage in"the great brain race".On the other hand,in order to take care of the increasingly negative public opinion in the country and the rising nationalism of voters,the immigration visas of international students have been strictly tightened.At different stages or under the leadership of different ruling parties,the international student mobility policy has taken the national interest as the axis,swinging back and forth between neoliberalism and national conservatism.How to maintain a balance between keeping advantages among the fierce"global talent competition"and taking care of more nationalistic domestic public opinion has become the focus and difficulty of international student mobility policies in Europe and the United States.

关 键 词：国际学生 公共政策 全球人才竞赛 留学生教育 新自由主义 

分 类 号：G649[文化科学—高等教育学]