咖啡腐皮镰孢黑果病病原鉴定及其生物学特性测定  

Identification and Biological Characteristics of Fusarium solani Causing Coffee Black Berry Disease

作　　者：朱孟烽 吴伟怀[2] 贺春萍[2] 梁艳琼[2] 陆英[2] 习金根[2] 莫丽珍 谭施北[2] 易克贤[2] ZHU Mengfeng;WU Weihuai;HE Chunping;LIANG Yanqiong;LU Ying;XI Jingen;MO Lizhen;TAN Shibei;YI Kexian(School of Life Science and Pharmacy,Hainan University,Haikou,Hainan 570288,China;Environment and Plant Protection Institute,Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences/Key Laboratory of Integrated Pest Management on Tropical Crops,Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs,Haikou,Hainan 571101;Yunnan Pu’er Tea and Coffee Industry Development Center,Pu’er,Yunnan 665000,China)

机构地区：[1]海南大学生命科学与药学院,海南海口570228 [2]中国热带农业科学院环境与植物保护研究所/农业农村部热带作物有害生物综合治理重点实验室,海南海口571101 [3]云南省普洱市茶叶和咖啡产业发展中心,云南普洱665000

出　　处：《热带作物学报》2021年第3期822-829,共8页Chinese Journal of Tropical Crops

基　　金：国家重点研发计划项目(No.2018YFD0201100);中国热带农业科学院基本科研业务费专项资金项目(No.1630042017021);FAO/IAEA合作研究项目(No.20380)。

摘　　要：本文针对云南咖啡园在雨季出现的一种咖啡果实变黑的黑果病害进行病原菌分离,获得CPE5和CPE12菌株。这2个菌株在PDA培养基上菌落呈圆形,毡状,菌丝体灰白色,表面稀疏,背面出现浅黄色色素。分生孢子具1~8个隔膜,长6.08~65.3μm,宽2.76~9.03μm。小型分生孢子呈肾形,大型分生孢子镰刀型。致病性测定表明,无论是接种健康新鲜的咖啡离体叶片还是果实,产生的症状以及再分离后获得的分生孢子形态特征均与初始接种菌株的一致。分子鉴定结果表明,无论是ITS、β-tubulin、TEF、28S rDNA单个基因聚类树,还是ITS-TEF加合基因序列聚类结果均一致,表明菌株CPE5与CPE12均属于腐皮镰孢(Fusarium solani)。这是国内腐皮镰孢危害咖啡果实的首次报道。病原菌的生物学特性研究表明,咖啡腐皮镰孢菌最适宜生长的培养基是PDA和玉米粉琼脂培养基;最适生长温度为28℃;完全光照有利于病原菌的生长。病原菌对碳源甘露醇以及氮源牛肉浸膏、甘氨酸、尿素利用率最高;菌株在75℃,10 min条件下即可致死。咪鲜胺锰盐和戊唑醇2种药剂的EC_(50)值分别为1.8352μg/mL和1.4826μg/mL,对菌株CPE5菌丝体生长具有十分显著的抑制效果。In this study,the pathogen was isolated from an unknown disease in the coffee garden in Yunnan,which can darken the coffee berry.Two strains,CPE5 and CPE12 were obtained.The strains had a round,felt-like colony on PDA medium,the mycelium was off-white,the surface was sparse,and light yellow pigment appeared on the back.The conidia had 1-8 septums,its length was 6.08-65.3μm and width was 2.76-9.03μm.Small conidia were kidney-shaped and large conidia were sickle-shaped.The pathogenicity test showed that no matter whether inoculating healthy fresh coffee leaves or fruits,the symptoms and the morphological characteristics of the conidia obtained after re-isolation were consistent with the original inoculated strains.Molecular identification results showed that ITS,β-tubulin,TEF,28S rDNA,four single gene clustering tree,and ITS-TEF adduct gene sequence clustering results were consistent,indicating that CPE5 and CPE12 belong to Fusarium solani.This is the first report that Fusarium solani harms coffee berry.Studies on the biological characteristics of the pathogen showed that the most suitable growth media were PDA and corn flour agar medium,the optimum growth temperature was 28℃,full light was conducive to the growth.The strains had the highest utilization rate of carbon source mannitol and nitrogen source beef extract,glycine,and urea.The strains could be sterilized at 75℃ for 10 minutes.The EC_(50) values of prochloraz manganese salt and tebuconazole were 1.8352μg/mL and 1.4826μg/mL,respectively,which had a very significant inhibitory effect on the growth of CPE5 mycelium.

关 键 词：咖啡 腐皮镰孢 分子鉴定 生物学特性 

分 类 号：S435.712[农业科学—农业昆虫与害虫防治]