交通拥挤负外部成本量化模型及应用研究  

Calculation Model and Application of Negative External Cost of Traffic Congestion

作　　者：邵源[1,2] 林培群 郑健[2] 张小宁 SHAO Yuan;LIN Pei-qun;ZHENG Jian;ZHANG Xiao-ning(School of Civil Engineering and Transportation,South China University of Technology,Guangzhou 510640,China;Shenzhen Key Laboratory for Traffic Information and Traffic Engineering,Shenzhen Urban Transport Planning Center Co.Ltd.,Shenzhen 518000,Guangdong,China;School of Economics and Management,Tongji University,Shanghai 200092,China)

机构地区：[1]华南理工大学,土木与交通学院,广州510640 [2]深圳市城市交通规划设计研究中心,深圳市交通信息与交通工程重点实验室,广东深圳518000 [3]同济大学,经济与管理学院,上海200092

出　　处：《交通运输系统工程与信息》2021年第2期1-6,共6页Journal of Transportation Systems Engineering and Information Technology

基　　金：国家自然科学基金(U1811463,52072130);广东省自然科学基金(2020A1515010349)。

摘　　要：交通拥挤负外部成本游离于经济杠杆调控政策的价格体系之外,未能在市场价格中体现是导致交通资源配置失衡的关键。为科学量化交通拥挤负外部成本,支撑经济杠杆需求调控政策实现外部成本内部化,从交通拥挤造成的时间延误、交通事故、环境污染这3个维度解析交通拥挤负面经济成本,构建小汽车交通拥挤负外部成本量化数学模型。以深圳市为例,计算典型城市交通拥挤负外部成本。研究表明:深圳市每辆小汽车全年出行平均产生的交通拥挤负外部成本高达24460元,行驶约产生2.1元·km^(-1)的交通拥挤负外部成本,且当前交通需求调控政策未能实现小汽车外部成本内部化是导致小汽车竞争力强劲的关键因素。按照“用者自付”原则,经济杠杆调控政策收费费率应覆盖小汽车交通拥挤负外部成本,建议参照每辆小汽车2.1元·km^(-1)设定。It appears that the negative external cost of traffic congestion has not been considered in the price system of economic leverage control policies,which causes an imbalance in the allocation of traffic resources.To scientifically quantify the negative external cost of traffic congestion,this study analyzes the negative economic cost of traffic congestion in terms of time delay,traffic accidents,and environmental pollution,and proposes a car quantitative mathematical model to reflect the negative external cost of traffic congestion.Taking Shenzhen city as an example,the paper calculates the typical negative external cost of traffic congestion in a city.The result shows that the average negative external cost of traffic congestion generated by each car in Shenzhen throughout the year is as high as 24460 CNY,and the negative external cost of traffic congestion is about 2.1 CNY per kilometer of each car.In accordance with the"user pays"principle,the economic leverage control policy charging rate should cover the negative external cost of car traffic congestion,and it is recommended to refer to a charge of 2.1 CNY per kilometer per car.

关 键 词：城市交通 负外部成本 量化模型 拥挤 需求管理政策 

分 类 号：U491[交通运输工程—交通运输规划与管理]