头骨形态指标鉴别水貂来源有效性的评估  

Assessment of the Effectiveness of Skull Morphometric Indices for Discrimination of Wild and Farmed American Mink

作　　者：牟鑫 祁永来 华彦 杨淑慧[1] Philip STOTT 刘振生[1] 徐艳春[1,5,6] MOU Xin;QI Yonglai;HUA Yan;YANG Shuhui;Philip STOTT;LIU Zhensheng;XU Yanchun(College of Wildlife and Protected Area,Northeast Forestry University,Harbin,150040,China;Qinghai Qingqing Water Conservancy Technology Co.,LTD,Xining,810099,China;Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Silviculture,Protection and Utilization,Guangdong Academy of Forestry,Guangzhou,510520,China;School of Animal and Veterinary Sciences,University of Adelaide,Adelaide,5005,Australia;National Forestry and Grassland Administration Detecting Center of Wildlife,Harbin,150040,China;National Forestry and Grassland Administration Research Center of Engineering Technology for Wildlife Conservation and Utilization,Harbin,150040,China)

机构地区：[1]东北林业大学野生动物与自然保护地学院,哈尔滨150040 [2]青海青清水利科技有限公司,西宁810099 [3]广东省林业科学研究院森林培育与保护利用重点实验室,广州510520 [4]阿德莱德大学动物与兽医科学学院,阿德莱德,澳大利亚5005 [5]国家林业和草原局野生动植物检测中心,哈尔滨150040 [6]国家林业和草原局野生动物保护与利用工程技术研究中心,哈尔滨150040

出　　处：《野生动物学报》2021年第2期363-375,共13页CHINESE JOURNAL OF WILDLIFE

基　　金：The project of National Key R&D Program of China(2018YFD0502201)。

摘　　要：人工驯养野生动物是获取野生动物产品的重要手段,但是非法盗猎的野生动物产品以人工饲养的名义进入市场,就会对野生动物的保护形成挑战。因此,准确鉴别市场上的动物产品是来自养殖场还是野外,是保护野外种群,维持养殖业正常秩序的关键。本研究以北美水貂(Neovison vison)为例,基于颧骨内侧空间(ZAS)、颧宽(ZAA和ZBA)、颅基长(BSL)、下颌长(MDL)、眶后收缩(POC)和最大面部宽度(GFB)等量度,建立了9个头骨形态计量学指标:POC/GFB、POC/BSL、POC/MDL、ZAS SQRT/BSL、ZA SSQRT/MDL、ZBA×BSL/2ZAS、ZBA×MDL/2ZAS、ZBB×BSL/2ZAS和ZBB×MDL/2ZAS。野生组(n=32,9雄23雌)和饲养组(n=45,35雄10雌)的比较表明,除POC/GFB外,所有指标对于在两组样品之间均有显著差异,整体判别正确率为73.2%—85.5%。在性别已知的情况下,雄性的整体正确率为82.4%—93.8%,雌性为41.7%—85.7%。为此,应针对不同性别、不同来源的动物建立相应的参考数据,利用似然比进行鉴别。本研究的结果不仅可用于北美水貂的鉴别,也为其他小型食肉动物的鉴别提供经验。Captive rearing of wild animals is an important means of obtaining wild animal products.But products from poached wild animals can enter the market if fraudulently labeled as products of captive breeding.This poses a challenge to the protection of wild animals.Accurately identifying whether traded animal products are derived from the farm or the wild is key to protecting wild populations and maintaining the legality of the breeding industry.Taking the American mink(Neovison vison)as a model for small carnivores,we measured zygomatic arch space(ZAS),zygomatic breadth(ZAA and ZBA),basal length(BSL),mandible length(MDL),postorbital constriction(POC),greatest upper facial breadth(GFB),and other parameters to establish 9 skull morphometric indicators,namely POC/GFB,POC/BSL,POC/MDL,ZAS SQRT/BSL,ZAS SQRT/MDL,ZBA×BSL/2ZAS,ZBA×MDL/2ZAS,ZBB×BSL/2ZAS,and ZBB×MDL/2ZAS.The comparison between wild American mink(n=32,9 males and 23 females)and farmed American mink(n=45,35 males and 10 females)showed that all indices proved effective with moderate overall discrimination correctness for samples of known origin(73.2%-85.5%).The single exception was POC/GFB.When the sex was known,overall correctness was 82.4 to 93.8%for males,but 41.7 to 85.7%for females.Therefore,corresponding reference data sets should be established for animals of different genders and different sources,and the likelihood ratio should be used for identification.This result is not only valid for North American mink,but also provides reference for the identification of the sources of other small carnivores.

关 键 词：法医学 来源鉴定 头骨形态计量学 北美水貂 小型食肉动物 

分 类 号：Q954.1[生物学—动物学]