不同复种油菜-轮作模式对马铃薯耗水特征及产量的影响  

Effects of different rotation patterns with multiple cropping rape on water consumption and yield of potato

作　　者：谭雪莲[1] 郭天文[1] 张平良[1] 曾骏[1] 刘晓伟[1] TAN Xuelian;GUO Tianwen;ZHANG Pingliang;ZENG Jun;LIU Xiaowei(Institute of Dryland Agriculture, Gansu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Key Laboratoryof Efficient Utilization of Water in Dry Farming, Lanzhou, Gansu 73007, China)

机构地区：[1]甘肃省农业科学院旱地农业研究所,甘肃省水资源高效利用重点实验室,甘肃兰州730070

出　　处：《干旱地区农业研究》2021年第2期137-142,149,共7页Agricultural Research in the Arid Areas

基　　金：公益性行业(农业)科研专项(201503120);国家科技支撑计划(2012BAD05B03);甘肃省农业科学院科技创新专项计划(2017GAAS28)。

摘　　要：为探讨马铃薯不同轮作系统复种饲用油菜对马铃薯耗水特征及产量的影响,2017年在长期大田定位试验基础上选取4个处理,即马铃薯连作(CK)、马铃薯-小麦复种油菜-马铃薯(WPRP)、马铃薯-豌豆复种油菜-马铃薯(PPRP)、小麦-豌豆复种油菜-马铃薯(WPPR),研究不同复种轮作模式对马铃薯耗水特性、水分利用效率和产量的影响。结果表明:马铃薯块茎增长期到收获期,CK 160~200 cm土壤水分含量和播前无差异,而WPRP、PPRP、WPPR 0~200 cm土壤各层含水量均大于播前,其中,块茎增长期到淀粉积累期,各层土壤平均含水量分别提高了43.02%、38.58%、24.63%,淀粉积累期到收获期,分别提高36.47%、33.63%和21.43%;120~200 cm土壤各层含水量表现为:WPRP>PPRP>WPPR>CK。WPRP、PPRP、WPPR耗水深度和贮水量均大于CK,其中,块茎增长期到淀粉积累期,耗水深度较CK分别增加42.86%、42.86%、42.86%,土壤贮水量较CK分别增加10.36%、12.91%和8.49%;淀粉积累期到收获期,耗水深度较CK分别增加了25.00%、12.50%、12.50%,土壤贮水量分别增加了12.56%、6.78%和2.95%,且WPRP贮水量较CK显著提高12.56%。块茎形成期、块茎增长期和淀粉积累期,WPRP耗水量较CK分别减少了16.2%、25.2%和5.1%。WPRP、PPRP、WPPR较CK产量分别增加33.51%、40.05%、14.47%,WUE分别提高54.83%、52.32%、19.78%。综上,马铃薯轮作系统复种油菜增加了降雨入渗深度、土壤贮水量和耗水深度,降低了阶段性耗水量,提高了马铃薯产量和WUE。且马铃薯-小麦复种油菜-马铃薯为该地区较佳的轮作模式。In order to discover the effects of different rotation patterns with multiple cropping rape on water consumption characteristics and yield of potato,four treatments were selected in 2017 based on a long-term field experiment,including continuous potato cropping(CK),potato-wheat multiple cropping rape-potato rotation(WPRP),potato-pea multiple cropping rape-potato rotation(PPRP),and wheat-pea multiple cropping rape-potato rotation(WPPR).The water consumption characteristics,water use efficiency,and yield of potato were measured under different treatments.The results showed that the soil moisture content of CK in 160~200 cm was not significantly different between pre-sowing and the period from potato tuber growth to harvest,while soil moisture content of each layer in 0~200 cm depth of WPRP,PPRP,and WPPR was higher than pre-sowing.The average soil water content of each layer increased by 43.02%,38.58%,and 24.63%at starch accumulation period and increased by 36.47%,33.63%,and 21.43%at harvest period.The soil moisture content in 120~200 cm was shown as:WPRP>PPRP>WPPR>CK.In addition,the depth of water consumption and water storage for WPRP,PPRP,and WPPR treatments were greater than that of CK.Compared with CK,water consumption depth increased by 42.86%,42.86%,and 42.86%and soil water storage increased by 10.36%,12.91%,and 8.49%,respectively,at starch accumulation period.Compared with CK,water consumption depth increased by 25.00%,12.50%,and 12.50%,respectively.Soil water storage increased by 12.56%,6.78%,and 2.95%,respectively,at harvest period.The storage capacity of WPRP was 12.56%higher than that of CK.The water consumption of WPRP decreased by 16.2%,25.2%,and 5.1%compared with CK at tuber formation,growth,and starch accumulation period,respectively.Compared to CK,the yield of WPRP,PPRP,and WPPR increased by 33.51%,40.05%,and 14.47%,and water use efficiency increased by 54.83%,52.32%,and 19.78%.Multiple rapeseeds in the potato rotation system increased the rainwater infiltration depth,the soil water storage,and wate

关 键 词：马铃薯 复种-轮作模式 饲用油菜 土壤水分 水分利用效率 产量 

分 类 号：S532[农业科学—作物学] S344