走向资本创新逻辑批判的马克思主义生命政治学——兼论阿甘本的生命政治学及其历史超越  

Towards the Critique of Capital Innovation Logic as Marxist Biopolitics——Also on Agamben’s Biopolitics and Its Historical Transcendence

作　　者：马中英 任平[2] MA Zhong-ying;REN Ping(School of Marxism,Xuzhou Kindergarten Teachers College,Xuzhou 221000,China;School of Politics and Public Administration,Suzhou University,Suzhou 215000,China)

机构地区：[1]徐州幼儿师范高等专科学校马克思主义学院,江苏徐州221000 [2]苏州大学政治与公共管理学院,江苏苏州215000

出　　处：《齐鲁学刊》2021年第2期56-63,共8页Qilu Journal

基　　金：国家社会科学基金重大项目“当代全球资本主义新变化的原因和趋势的历史唯物主义研究”(19ZDA022);江苏省2020年度“青蓝工程”中青年学术带头人项目资助。

摘　　要：生命政治学批判开拓了现代性批判的新路径。但是,抽象的主观批判使目前的生命政治学研究在理论的认知层面上具有明显的局限性,存在浅层化趋势。阿甘本对二战集中营的生命例外现象进行了抨击,并从中寻找西方现代民主政治必然导致的对人的生命权利无情剥夺的逻辑,从而达到批判的目的。然而,只要有合适的利润,资本就会从践踏生命的罪人变成精细操控生命基因工程的专家,阿甘本的生命政治学并没有穿透这一表象。马克思主义认为,资本逻辑才是生命政治问题的根本动因,资本创新逻辑也将是资本不惜绑架人的自然条件和身体生命条件甚至以毁灭人类为代价而顽固在场的根本动因。建构马克思主义生命政治学务必要穿透资本造就的"用头立地"的现象界,揭穿现象与本质之间"拜物教"式的颠倒关系,只有揭穿这一秘密,才能从时代现实回溯到生命政治学思想,才能发现这种思想所可能隐藏着的在场的形而上学谬误,才能凸显建构马克思主义生命政治学的伟大意义。Criticism of biopolitics opened up a new way of modernity criticism. However, the abstract subjective critique makes the current research of biopolitics have obvious limitations on the cognitive level of theory, and there is a trend of shallowness. Agamben attacked the life exception phenomenon of the concentration camps of World War II, and searched for the logic of the ruthless deprivation of human rights of life inevitably caused by modern Western democratic politics, so as to achieve the purpose of criticism. However, as long as there is a suitable profit, capital will turn from a sinner who tramples on life to an expert in the fine manipulation of life genetic engineering. Agamben’s biopolitics does not penetrate this appearance. Marxism believes that the logic of capital is the fundamental cause of biopolitical issues, and the logic of capital innovation will also be the fundamental cause of capital’s stubborn presence at the expense of kidnapping people’s natural conditions and physical life conditions, or even at the cost of destroying mankind. The construction of Marxist biopolitics must penetrate the phenomenal world created by capital and expose the "fetishist" inverted relationship between phenomenon and essence. Only by debunking this secret can we go back from the reality of the times to biopolitics. Only by studying thought can we discover the metaphysical fallacies that might be hidden by this kind of thought, and only then can we highlight the great significance of constructing Marxist biopolitics.

关 键 词：生命政治学 阿甘本 资本创新逻辑 马克思主义 

分 类 号：D091[政治法律—政治学]