种植密度与施氮量对夏玉米淀粉粒分布及糊化特性的影响  

Effects of Planting Density and Nitrogen Application Rate on the Starch Granule Size Distribution and Pasting Properties of Summer Maize

作　　者：石德杨[1,2] 李艳红[2,3] 袁堂玉[1] 矫岩林[1] 赵健[1] 董树亭[2] 夏德君[1] SHI De-yang;LI Yan-hong;YUAN Tang-yu(Institute of Cereals and Oil Crops,Yantai Academy of Agricultural Sciences,Shandong Province,Yantai,Shandong 265500;Agronomy College of Shandong Agricultural University/State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology,Tai′an,Shandong 271018;Soil and Fertilizer Station of Yantai Agricultural Technology Promotion Center,Yantai,Shandong 264000)

机构地区：[1]山东省烟台市农业科学研究院粮油作物所,山东烟台265500 [2]山东农业大学农学院/作物生物学国家重点实验室,山东泰安271018 [3]烟台市农业技术推广中心土肥站,山东烟台264000

出　　处：《安徽农业科学》2021年第8期35-38,共4页Journal of Anhui Agricultural Sciences

基　　金：国家重点研发计划(2018YFD0300604);山东省现代农业产业技术体系建设项目(SDAIT-02-15)。

摘　　要：以黄淮海区普通玉米国家区域试验的对照品种郑单958为试验材料,设67500、82500株/hm^(2)2个种植密度水平和0、180、270 kg/hm^(2)3个施氮量水平,研究种植密度及施氮量对夏玉米淀粉粒分布及淀粉糊化特性的影响。试验结果表明,种植密度、施氮量单因子及其交互作用对玉米淀粉粒的体积分布存在显著影响,且施氮量是影响淀粉粒体积分布的主要因素。增加施氮量,<3.5μm与3.5~7.4μm淀粉粒体积比下降,>7.4μm淀粉粒体积比增加;随着氮肥用量增加,籽粒产量、粒重、总淀粉含量、支链淀粉含量,以及玉米淀粉的峰值黏度、谷值黏度、最终黏度、崩解值、回复值增加;相反,籽粒直链淀粉含量、直/支比以及玉米淀粉的峰值时间、糊化温度降低。种植密度与施氮量对淀粉粒体积分布的影响效果相反。该研究中,在种植密度82500株/hm^(2)、氮肥用量270 kg/hm^(2)条件下,玉米籽粒淀粉平均粒径较大,大型淀粉粒比例较高,其糊化特性和淀粉组成较优,且能兼顾籽粒产量。Taking Zhengdan 958,a control variety in the national regional test of normal maize in Huang-Huai-Hai Region,as the experimental material,two planting density levels of 67500 and 82500 plants/hm^(2) and three nitrogen application rates of 0,180,and 270 kg/hm^(2) were set to study the effect of planting density and nitrogen application rate on the starch granule size distribution and pasting properties of summer maize.The results showed that the starch granule size distribution was significantly affected by the single factor and interactions of plant density and nitrogen rate,and nitrogen rate was the major factor that change the granule size distribution.With the increase of nitrogen application rate,the starch granule volume ratio of<3.5μm and 3.5-7.4μm decreased,and the starch granule volume ratio of>7.4μm increased;as the amount of nitrogen fertilizer increases,grain yield,grain weight,total starch content,amylopectin content,as well as the peak viscosity,trough viscosity,final viscosity,breakdown and setback value of corn starch increased;on the contrary,the amylose content,amylose/branched ratio,peak time and gelatinization temperature of corn starch decreased.The effect of planting density and nitrogen application rate on the volume distribution of starch grains was opposite.In this study,under the condition of planting density of 82500 plants/hm^(2) and nitrogen fertilizer rate of 270 kg/hm^(2),the ratio of large starch was higher,which resulted in better gelatinization properties and starch composition,and the grain yield could be taken into account.

关 键 词：玉米淀粉 种植密度 施氮量 粒度分布 热力学特性 

分 类 号：S513[农业科学—作物学]