贺兰山东麓葡萄产地土壤重金属空间分布特征及来源解析  

Spatial Distribution Characteristics and Source Apportionment of Heavy Metals in Vineyard Soil at East Piedmont of Helan Mountains

作　　者：田欣 贺婧[2] 罗玲玲[2] 吴艳宏[1] 崔文斌 TIAN Xin;HE Jing;LUO Ling-ling;WU Yan-hong;CUI Wen-bin(Institute of Mountain Hazards and Environment,CAS,Sichuan Chengdu 610041,China;School of Resources and Environmental Science,Ningxia University,Ningxia Yinchuan 750021,China;University of Chinese Academy Sciences,Beijing 100049,China)

机构地区：[1]中国科学院水利部成都山地灾害与环境研究所,四川成都610041 [2]宁夏大学资源环境学院,宁夏银川750021 [3]中国科学院大学,北京100049

出　　处：《西南农业学报》2021年第3期641-646,共6页Southwest China Journal of Agricultural Sciences

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目“宁夏贺兰山东麓荒漠草原土壤碳库对土地利用/土地覆被变化的响应机制”(41661050)。

摘　　要：【目的】为保障贺兰山东麓葡萄的安全生产,对葡萄产地土壤重金属污染状况进行了深入研究。【方法】以银川市西夏区典型葡萄园为研究区域,采集表层土壤样品,调查土壤中重金属(Cd、Cr、Cu、Ni、Pb、Zn)的空间分布特征,运用统计方法与地统计学相结合的方法,对土壤重金属空间分布及来源进行分析,并利用单因子污染指数(Pi)、内梅罗综合污染指数(P综)评价土壤重金属污染状况。【结果】表层土壤中Cr、Cu、Ni、Pb、Zn的浓度基本与当地土壤背景水平相当,而Cd的浓度高于背景值。空间分布上,Cd、Cr、Ni、Pb、Zn均在北部芦花台园林场区域呈现较高浓度,与该区域葡萄种植年限较长,化肥、农药长期施用有关。综合污染指数表明,除张裕酒庄土壤外(综合污染指数为0.97,属于未受污染水平),其他区域均受到不同程度的重金属污染。【结论】贺兰山东麓葡萄产地土壤总体上属于清洁水平,重金属浓度均未超过食用农产品产地环境质量评价标准,但在未来生产过程中应合理使用化肥、农药,避免重金属(特别是Cd)的过度积累而产生污染,确保葡萄园土壤资源的可持续利用。【Objective】In order to ensure the safety of grape production at the East Piedmont of Helan mountains,the heavy metal pollution in the vineyard soil was studied.【Method】In the present study,67 samples(depth of 0-20 cm)of surface soil were collected from the typical vineyard soil at the East Piedmont of Helan Mountains in Xixia district of Yinchuan,Ningxia.Seven heavy metals(Cd,Cr,Cu,Ni,Pb,Zn)were selected as the analyzing indicators and their spatial distribution characteristics were investigated as well.The correlation analysis and principal component analysis as well as geostatistic analysis were integrated to identify the polluting sources of soil heavy metals.The single factor pollution index and the comprehensive pollution index were used to evaluate the soil heavy metal contamination with the soil background values of Ningxia as the evaluation standards.【Result】The concentration of Cr,Cu,Ni,Pb and Zn in the surface soil was basically at the same level of the local soil background,except for the concentration of Cd which was higher than that at the same level of the background value.In terms of spatial distribution,Cd,Cr,Ni,Pb,and Zn all presented a high concentration in the north of Luhuatai garden,which were believed to be related to long-term planting of grapes and the application of chemical fertilizers and pesticides.The comprehensive pollution index showed that all the other areas were contaminated by heavy metals to a different extent,except for the Changyu winery soil(the comprehensive pollution index was 0.97,an uncontaminated level).【Conclusion】Generally,the vineyard soil was clean,and the concentration of all elements remained within the Chinese Environmental Quality Evaluation Standards for Farmland of Edible Agricultural Products.However,for the purpose of sustainable utilization of vineyard soil resources,chemical fertilizers and pesticides should be applied reasonably in production processes to avoid excessive accumulation of heavy metals,especially of Cd.

关 键 词：重金属 葡萄园土壤 空间分布 污染评价 来源解析 宁夏 

分 类 号：S19[农业科学—农业基础科学] X142[环境科学与工程—环境科学]