孙中山的道统论与知难行易说  

SUN Yat-sen s Theory of Moralism and Theory of“to Know is Difficult and to Do is Easy”

作　　者：程广云[1] CHENG Guangyun

机构地区：[1]首都师范大学哲学系

出　　处：《阅江学刊》2021年第2期25-37,120,共14页Yuejiang Academic Journal

基　　金：2020年国家社会科学基金重点项目“‘中国之治’的历史及实践”(20AZD003)。

摘　　要：孙中山的政治哲学核心在于论证和辩护其政治行为的合法性和正当性,通过道统论自证其居于中华思想正统,通过知难行易说自证其属于现代思想权威。孙中山道统论原本经过戴季陶、蒋介石副本流传,其基本动机是切割三民主义与马列主义关系,体现文化民族主义、文化保守主义特征,与康有为的国教论、章太炎的国粹论异质。孙中山知难行易说,其形而上学认识论或知识论层面是次要的,主要的是政治哲学层面。由此,先分析“知难”“行易”两个原子命题,再综合“知难行易”这一分子命题,从而揭示其目的在塑造卡里斯玛型人物,建立意识形态政社一体化组织,其办法在意识形态教育。道统论与知难行易说是孙中山组织中华民族的思想探索和理论尝试。The core of Sun Yat-sen s political philosophy is to demonstrate and defend the legitimacy of his political behaviors.He proves that his political behaviors are the orthodox Chinese thought through the theory of moralism,and proves that they are the authority of modern thought through the theory of“to know is difficult and to do is easy”.Sun Yat-sen s theory of moralism was originally circulated through Dai Jitao and Chiang Kai-shek s copies.Its basic motivation was to cut the relationship between Three Principles of the People and Marxism-Leninism,and to reflect the characteristics of cultural nationalism and cultural conservatism and be different from Kang You-wei s national education theory and Zhang Tai-yan s national theory.Sun Yat-sen knows that it is difficult to make things easy to say.His metaphysical epistemological or epistemological level is secondary,and the main one is political philosophy.Sun Yat-sen says that it s difficult to know and easy to do,his metaphysical epistemology is secondary in this theory,and the main one is political philosophy.He firstly analyzes the two atomic propositions of“knowing the difficulties”and“doing easy”,and then synthesizes the molecular proposition of“knowing the difficulties and doing easy”,thus revealing that its purpose is to shape the charisma-type characters and establish the integration of ideology,politics and society.Its approach lies in ideological education.The theory of moralism and the theory of“to know is difficult and to do is easy”are Sun Yat-sen s ideological exploration and theoretical attempt in organizing the Chinese nation.

关 键 词：道统(论) 知难行易说 文化民族(保守)主义 《三民主义》 《建国方略》 

分 类 号：B26[哲学宗教—中国哲学]