城市的移民多样性与创业选择  

Immigrant Diversity and Entrepreneurship Choice in Cities

作　　者：余玲铮[1] 娄世艳[2] 王建楠 魏下海[3] Yu Lingzheng;Lou Shiyan;Wang Jiannan;Wei Xiahai(College of Economics and Finance,Huaqiao University;Faculty of Finance,City University of Macao;Institute of Economic Development and Reform,Huaqiao University)

机构地区：[1]华侨大学经济与金融学院,福建泉州362021 [2]澳门城市大学金融学院,中国澳门999078 [3]华侨大学经济发展与改革研究院,福建厦门361021

出　　处：《经济科学》2021年第2期135-147,共13页Economic Science

基　　金：国家自然科学基金面上项目“企业工会的收入分配效应及其对技术升级路径的影响研究:微观机制与实证检验”(项目编号:71873048);教育部人文社科研究规划基金项目“贸易开放对劳动力市场性别不平等的影响机制与实证研究”(项目编号:18YJA790086);广东省自然科学基金项目“人口年龄结构对中国创新和生产率影响机制的理论与实证研究”(项目编号:2016A030310256)的研究资助。

摘　　要：本文基于全国流动人口动态监测数据,考察移民多样性对创业选择的影响机制和效应。研究发现,移民多样性会显著降低个体创业概率,其机制在于,创业本身是一个相对开放的过程,在一个复杂多样的城市里,人际心理距离被拉大,缺乏彼此信任和社会认同,因而创业被显著抑制。此外本文发现,相比于自雇者,企业雇主形式的创业者能受益于多样性,这表明多样性能催生"熊彼特"企业家精神;多样性影响也会因教育技能和地区差异而有所不同。本文从经验上揭示了多样性对移民创业决策的影响,在"流动中国"时代背景下能够提供深刻的政策启示。With data from China Migrants Dynamic Survey( CMDS),this paper studies the impact and mechanism of immigrant diversity on their entrepreneurship choice. We find that immigrant diversity significantly reduces the probability of entrepreneurship. The mechanism is that entrepreneurship is a relatively open process,and in a city full of diversity,the psychological distance between people is widened,which reduced mutual trust and social identity,thus inhibiting the entrepreneurship. In addition,it is found that diversity is more favorable to entrepreneurs in the form of employers than to self-employed ones,indicating that diversity could promote Schumpeterian entrepreneurship. Moreover,the impact of diversity varies by educational skills and regions. This paper empirically reveals the impact of immigrant diversity on entrepreneurship and provides profound policy insights in the context of the "moving China"era.

关 键 词：移民多样性 创业选择 工资获得者 

分 类 号：F241.2[经济管理—劳动经济]