气溶胶对中国中纬度夏季低层风速的影响  

Impact of Aerosol on the Summer Wind Speed at the Lower Layer in the Mid-Latitude of China

作　　者：徐小红[1] 余兴[1] 朱延年[1] 戴进[1] 董自鹏[1] XU Xiaohong;YU Xing;ZHU Yannian;DAI Jin;DONG Zipeng(Meteorological Institute of Shaanxi Province,Xi’an 710014,Shaanxi,China)

机构地区：[1]陕西省气象科学研究所,陕西西安710014

出　　处：《高原气象》2021年第2期367-373,共7页Plateau Meteorology

基　　金：国家重点研发计划项目(2018YFC1507903);国家自然科学基金项目(41575136);陕西省气象局研究型业务重点科研项目(2013Z-4);陕西省重点研发计划项目(2018SF-386,2020SF-429)。

摘　　要：利用中国中纬度133个气象站夏季14:00(北京时)气候观测资料和2002-2018年MODIS夏季气溶胶光学厚度AOD(Aerosol Optical Depth)资料,把气候资料按气溶胶变化的转折年分为两个时间序列(建站至2011年,建站至2018年),通过对两个时间序列各站夏季风速、温度、海平面气压年变率和AOD的分布对比分析,研究了气溶胶对低层风速变化的影响。结果表明:(1)青藏高原(下称高原)地区夏季AOD较小,秦巴山区和平原地区AOD较大,2002-2011年AOD呈逐年增大趋势,而2002-2018年变为减小趋势,反映出我国2012年后环境治理成效。(2)2011年以前,高原和秦巴山区西部夏季以增温为主,而秦巴山区东部和内陆平原以降温为主,114°E附近降温最明显;与建站至2018年时间序列对比,在AOD减小的同时,降温和增压幅度都有所减小,反映出温度和气压变化对气溶胶的响应关系。(3)夏季风速普遍呈减小趋势,内陆平原减小幅度最大,年变率为-0.06~-0.02 m·s^(-1)。结合气溶胶分析发现,风速年变率与AOD分布呈反位相关系。通过两个时间序列的对比,随AOD均值下降,对应风速减小程度有所缓解,反映了风速对气溶胶变化的敏感性。Based on the fact that the turning point of aerosol variation has occurred since 2012,two time series of climatological data were set by the period last to 2011 and that to 2018 from the available. The used data is daily of 14:00(Beijing Time)in summer season last more than 40 years from selected unmigrated 133 meteorological stations. The annual variability of wind speed,temperature and sea-level pressure in the mid-latitude of China were analyzed and compared between two time series. Also the spatial distribution and annual variability of AOD were analyzed and were correlated with that of wind speed,temperature and pressure with the data of MODIS aerosol optical thickness(AOD)product from 2002 to 2018. The results show that:(1)AOD was small over the Qinghai-Xizang plateau(QXP),and was large over the Qing-ba mountainous area and inland plain with increasing trend from 2002 to 2011 and turning decrease from 2002 to 2018,which suggests the effectiveness of air-pollution control after 2012.(2)Before 2012,the temperature increased in QXP and the western Qing-ba mountainous area,and declined in the eastern Qing-ba mountainous area and the inland plain and with maximum decreasing around 114°E. Compared with that of time series to 2018,the extent of temperature decrease and pressure increases lightly declined during AOD decreasing,which reflects the respondence of temperature and pressure to AOD.(3)The wind speed in summer was generally decreasing,especially in the inland plain with the largest annual reduction rate of-0. 06~-0. 02 m·s-1. Also the annual variability of wind speed was reverse to that of AOD distribution. It was shown that the decreasing extent of wind speed was modulated by declination of average AOD by the comparison of two time series,which suggests the sensitivity of wind speed to aerosol variation.

关 键 词：气溶胶 风速 温度 气压 气候变化 

分 类 号：P425[天文地球—大气科学及气象学]