黑色素瘤软脑膜转移诊断及疾病监测的更新  

An update on diagnosing and disease monitoring of melanoma leptomeningeal metastasis

作　　者：黄敏 刘若雪 林鑫 韩晓晨 何俊瑛[1] 赵辉[1] 燕犁天 邹月丽[1] 卜晖[1] HUANG Min;LIU Ruo-xue;LIN Xin(Department of Neurology,the Second Hospital of Hebei Medical University,Shijiazhuang 050000,China)

机构地区：[1]河北医科大学第二医院神经内科,石家庄050000

出　　处：《临床神经病学杂志》2021年第2期140-144,共5页Journal of Clinical Neurology

摘　　要：黑色素瘤软脑膜转移(LM)是黑色素瘤患者罕见的晚期严重并发症,预后极差,且近几年的发病率呈上升趋势。LM的诊断和监测具有挑战性,目前是基于神经症状,影像学和CSF检查进行的。CSF细胞学仍是目前诊断的"金标准"。同时,不断发展的CSF"液体活检"也显著促进了细胞学和基因分型分析的进展。CSF是与软脑膜接触的直接介质,对其检测可以更直观地获得多种与疾病进展和对治疗反应有关的肿瘤标志物。因此,CSF分析对于黑色素瘤LM的诊断、监测治疗反应及判断预后至关重要。本文讨论了目前黑色素瘤LM的诊断方式及其临床应用,特别关注了多模式的CSF分析的最新临床数据。Melanoma leptomeningeal metastasis(LM)is a rare severe complication in patients with advanced melanoma,with a very poor prognosis,and the incidence is on the rise in recent years.Diagnosis and monitoring of LM is challenging.It is currently based on neurological symptoms,radiology and CSF examinations.CSF cytology is still the"gold standard"for diagnosis.At the same time,the continuous development of CSF"liquid biopsy"has also significantly promoted the progress of cytology and genotyping analysis.CSF is the direct medium contacting with the pia mater,and its detection can more intuitively obtain a variety of tumor markers related to disease progression and response to treatment.Therefore,CSF analysis is very important for the diagnosis of melanoma LM,monitoring of treatment response and prognosis.This review discusses the current diagnostic methods and clinical applications in melanoma LM,with special focus on the latest clinical data of multimodal CSF analysis in patients with melanoma leptomeningeal metastasis.

关 键 词：软脑膜转移 黑色素瘤 CSF分析 CSF细胞学 液体活检 

分 类 号：R739.5[医药卫生—肿瘤]