低鱼粉饲料中添加苏氨酸对三倍体虹鳟生长性能、体成分及肌肉氨基酸组成的影响  

Effects of Dietary Threonine in Low Fish Meal Diet on Growth Performance,Body Composition,Amino Acid Composition in Muscle of Triploid Oncorhynchus mykiss

作　　者：王亚玲 王常安[1] 刘红柏[1] 陆绍霞 张颖[1] 徐喆 WANG Yaling;WANG Chang’an;LIU Hongbai;LU Shaoxia;ZHANG Yin;XU Zhe(Heilongjiang River Fisheries Research Institute,Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences,Harbin 150070,China;College of Fisheries and Life Science,Shanghai Ocean University,Shanghai 201306,China;Wuxi Fisheries College,Nanjing Agricultural University,Wuxi 214000,China)

机构地区：[1]中国水产科学研究院黑龙江水产研究所,哈尔滨150070 [2]上海海洋大学水产与生命学院,上海201306 [3]南京农业大学无锡渔业学院,无锡214000

出　　处：《动物营养学报》2021年第4期2390-2400,共11页CHINESE JOURNAL OF ANIMAL NUTRITION

基　　金：国家现代农业产业技术体系专项资金(CARS⁃46);黑龙江省自然科学基金优秀青年项目(YQ2019C036)。

摘　　要：本试验旨在研究低鱼粉饲料中添加苏氨酸对三倍体虹鳟生长性能、体成分及肌肉氨基酸组成的影响。以初始体质量为(18.42±0.20)g的三倍体虹鳟(Oncorhynchus mykiss)为研究对象,在水温(15±1)℃的室内200 L流水水族箱中进行56 d摄食生长试验。在基础饲料中添加L-苏氨酸,配制苏氨酸水平分别为0.45%(对照)、0.76%、1.09%、1.29%和1.64%的5种等氮等脂饲料。将450尾三倍体虹鳟随机分为5组,每组3个重复,每个重复30尾。结果表明:饲料中苏氨酸水平为0.76%~1.64%时,虹鳟的饲料系数和蛋白质效率与对照组无显著差异(P>0.05);而终末质量、增重率和特定生长率均显著增加(P<0.05);以特定生长率、蛋白质效率为评价指标,经过二次回归分析可得,虹鳟对苏氨酸的需要量为1.2%~1.3%(占饲料蛋白质的2.89%~3.13%)。随着饲料中苏氨酸水平的增加,全鱼水分含量显著减少(P<0.05);粗脂肪含量在0.75%组显著低于对照组(P<0.05);粗蛋白质含量随着饲料苏氨酸水平的增加呈现先升高后降低的变化趋势;粗灰分含量各组间无显著差异(P>0.05)。随着饲料中苏氨酸水平的增加,三倍体虹鳟肌肉中苏氨酸、蛋氨酸、异亮氨酸、苯丙氨酸、赖氨酸、天冬氨酸、丙氨酸、脯氨酸含量无显著变化(P>0.05),但缬氨酸、亮氨酸、组氨酸、精氨酸、丝氨酸、谷氨酸、甘氨酸、半胱氨酸、酪氨酸含量有显著变化(P<0.05),在1.29%组显著高于对照组(P<0.05),因此,在低鱼粉饲料中补充苏氨酸可以提高体蛋白含量。综上所述,低鱼粉饲料(15%)中添加苏氨酸对三倍体虹鳟有明显的促生长效应,且对苏氨酸的最佳需要量为1.2%~1.3%。The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of dietary threonine in low fish meal diet on growth performance,body composition and amino acid composition in muscle of triploid rainbow trout.The triploid rainbow trout(Oncorhynchus mykiss)with an initial body weight of(18.42±0.20)g was used to the feeding trial for 56 d.Fish reared in a 200 L water aquarium with a water temperature of(15±1)℃.Five kinds of isonitrogenic and isolipidic diets with dietary L⁃threonine levels of 0.45%(control),0.76%,1.09%,1.29%and 1.64%were prepared based on a basal diet.A total of 450 triploid rainbow trout were randomly di⁃vided into 5 groups with 3 replicates per group and 30 replicates per group.The results showed as follows:diet⁃ary threonine(0.76%to 1.64%)levels did not significantly affect the feed conversion rate and the protein effi⁃ciency compared with the control group(P>0.05).The final body weight,weight gain rate and specific growth rate had significant effects(P<0.05).Based on a quadratic regression analysis between the specific growth rate and protein efficiency,the optimum level was 1.2%to 1.3%(2.89%to 3.13%of dietary crude protein).With the increase of dietary threonine levels,the moisture content of the whole body decreased significantly(P<0.05),and crude lipid contents in 0.75%group was significantly lower than that in the control group(P<0.05).Crude protein contents first increased and then decreased with the increase of threonine level.There were no significant differences in ash contents(P>0.05).The profiles of threonine,methionine,isoleucine,phenylalanine,lysine,aspartic acid,alanine,proline in muscle had no significant difference among the groups(P>0.05),while the contents of valine,leucine,histidine,arginine,serine,glutamic,glycine,cysteine,tyrosine changed significantly,especially those in 1.29%group were significantly higher compared with the control(P<0.05).Therefore,the supplementation of threonine in low fish meal diet can significantly enhance body protein content of triploid rainbo

关 键 词：苏氨酸 三倍体虹鳟 需要量 

分 类 号：S963[农业科学—水产养殖]