利用方式、种植模式和施氮对多年生牧草产量及品质的影响  

Effects of utilization modes,planting patterns,and nitrogen applications on the yield and quality of perennial forage

作　　者：肖祥铭 常生华[1] 贾倩民 彭泽晨 张程[1] 刘永杰 吴恩平 侯扶江[1] XIAO Xiangming;CHANG Shenghua;JIA Qianmin;PENG Zechen;ZHANG Cheng;LIU Yongjie;WU Enping;HOU Fujiang(State Key Laboratory of Grassland Agro-ecosystems/Key Laboratory of Grassland Livestock Industry Innovation,Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs/Engineering Research Center of Grassland Industry,Ministry of Education/College of Pastoral Agriculture Science and Technology,Lanzhou University,Lanzhou 730020,Gansu,China;Gansu Huirong Grass Industry Co.Ltd.,Huanxian 745700,Gansu,China)

机构地区：[1]兰州大学草地农业生态系统国家重点实验室/兰州大学农业农村部草牧业创新重点实验室/兰州大学草地农业教育部工程研究中心/兰州大学草地农业科技学院,甘肃兰州730020 [2]甘肃荟荣草业有限公司,甘肃环县745700

出　　处：《草业科学》2021年第4期703-715,共13页Pratacultural Science

基　　金：国家重点研发计划项目(2016YFC0500505);长江学者和创新团队发展计划资助(IRT_17R50);国家自然科学基金(31901389、31672472);兰州大学中央高校基本科研业务费专项资金(lzujbky-2019-33);兰州大学“双一流”引导专项-队伍建设-科研启动费(561119204);973国家重点基础研究计划课题(2014CB138706);2018年度甘肃省科技重大专项计划项目(18ZD2FA009)。

摘　　要：为探究不同利用方式下种植模式和施氮对牧草产量及品质的影响,本研究在甘肃环县对栽培草地设置放牧(G)和刈割(M)两种利用方式,每种方式下设无芒雀麦(Bromus inermis)单播(W)、红豆草(Onobrychis viciifolia)单播(H)与两者混播(WH)3种种植模式及0(N_(1))、80 kg·hm^(−2)(N_(2))和160 kg·hm^(−2)(N_(3))3个施氮水平。结果表明:1)放牧较刈割显著提高了总鲜、干草产量,显著降低了粗脂肪、中性洗涤纤维(NDF)和酸性洗涤纤维(ADF)含量,进而提高了相对饲用价值(RFV)。2)WH和H处理较W显著增加了鲜、干草产量,且WH显著高于H;WH和H较W显著提高了粗蛋白和粗脂肪含量,显著降低了NDF含量,进而显著提高了RFV。3)总鲜、干草产量随施氮量的增加显著提高,N_(2)和N_(3)处理的粗蛋白、粗脂肪显著高于N_(1),而NDF和ADF显著低于N_(1),并显著提高了RFV。因此,无芒雀麦和红豆草混播草地在放牧下施氮160 kg·hm^(−2)是一种适宜陇东地区放牧型栽培草地的管理措施。The objective of this study was to explore the effects of planting patterns and nitrogen applications on forage yield and quality under different utilization modes.Therefore,we applied grazing(G)and mowing(M)treatments on cultivated grasslands in Huan County,Gansu Province.For each utilization mode,there were three planting patterns(W:monoculture of Bromus inermis;H:monoculture of Onobrychis viciifolia;and WH:mixed planting of the two forages)and three nitrogen application levels(N_(1):0;N_(2):80 kg·ha^(−1);and N_(3):160 kg·ha^(−1)).The results showed that 1)Compared to the M treatment,the G treatment significantly increased the total fresh and hay yields and significantly decreased the crude fat,neutral detergent fiber(NDF),and acid detergent fiber(ADF)content,thus increasing the relative feeding value(RFV).2)Compared to the W planting pattern,the WH and H planting patterns significantly increased the total fresh and hay yields,with WH significantly higher than H,and significantly increased the crude protein and crude fat content,significantly reducing the NDF content,and significantly increasing the RFV.3)The total fresh and hay yields increased significantly with the increase in nitrogen application,and the crude protein and crude fat content of the N_(2) and N_(3) treatments were significantly higher than those of N_(1),whereas the NDF and ADF content were significantly lower than those of N_(1),and RFV was significantly higher than that of N_(1).Therefore,the planting pattern of mixed grassland of B.inermis and O.viciifolia and nitrogen application of 160 kg·ha^(−1) are suitable management strategies for the cultivated grazing grassland in East Gansu.

关 键 词：混播草地 放牧 施氮 营养品质 饲用价值 

分 类 号：S54[农业科学—作物学]