中国加入GPA谈判国有企业纳入标准的探讨  

On the Criteria of State-Owned Enterprises to Coverage Schedule on China’s Accession to the GPA Negotiation

作　　者：师华[1] 王华倩 Shi Hua;Wang Huaqian

机构地区：[1]同济大学法学院

出　　处：《海关与经贸研究》2021年第2期1-11,共11页Journal of Customs and Trade

基　　金：同济大学(E)智库与学术影响类-(E4)文科智库项目“‘一带一路’建设与政府工程采购法律规制研究”(项目号:22120200326)的阶段性研究成果

摘　　要：中国在加入GPA谈判时提交的第七份出价清单中新增了16家国有企业,但此次出价仍未得到其他参加方的认可。政府采购的国有企业开放范围一直是GPA谈判的难点之一,因此明确GPA下国有企业的纳入标准成为中国后续谈判的关键。由于GPA文本对此并未明确规定,故实践中采用互惠谈判机制来确定参加方国有企业的具体范围。但此机制缺乏考虑发展中国家利益,因此建议中国要推动互惠谈判机制的改变与调整,仅将部分公益类、垄断性国有企业纳入GPA。同时,明确政府采购中“为政府目的”标准的理解,排除GPA对商业类、竞争性国有企业一般性质采购活动的约束。China has added 16 state-owned enterprises to its seventh coverage schedule submitted to the GPA committee,but that has not yet been approved by other members.The criteria of government procurement of state-owned enterprises have always been one of the difficulties in GPA negotiations.Therefore,clarifying the criteria under the GPA has become the key to China’s future negotiations.Without clear stipulations in the GPA text,the reciprocity mechanism is adopted in practice to determine which state-owned enterprises should be included.However,this mechanism lacks consideration of the interests of developing countries.Therefore,it is suggested that China should lead adjustments to the reciprocity mechanism,including only some public welfare and monopolistic state-owned enterprises into the GPA.Meanwhile,the concept of“for governmental purposes”shall be clarified,so that it may avoid GPA’s restrictions on non-governmental procurements conducted by China’s commercial and competitive state-owned enterprises.

关 键 词：政府采购协议(GPA) 国有企业 互惠谈判机制 为政府目的 

分 类 号：F276.1[经济管理—企业管理] F811.4[经济管理—国民经济]