黄河中游河道滩地不同土地利用类型土壤呼吸强度的差异分析  

An Analysis on Difference of Soil Respiration Intensity in Different Land Use Types in Floodplain of the Middle Yellow River

作　　者：吕海波 LV Haibo(College of Environment and Life Sciences,Weinan Normal University,Weinan 714099,China;Key Laboratory of River Wetland Ecology and Environment in Shaanxi Province,Weinan 714099,China)

机构地区：[1]渭南师范学院环境与生命科学学院,陕西渭南714000 [2]陕西省河流湿地生态与环境重点实验室,陕西渭南714000

出　　处：《生态环境学报》2021年第3期460-465,共6页Ecology and Environmental Sciences

基　　金：渭南师范学院自然科学基金项目(15ZRRC12);教育部2015年度人文社科项目(15XJCZH009)。

摘　　要：为研究黄河中游不同土地利用类型河道滩地土壤呼吸的差异,研究选择裸滩、农田(玉米、翻耕地、休耕地3亚类)、撂荒地(稗草Echinochloa crus-galli、野黑豆Glycine soja 2亚类)及原生植被(芦苇Phragmites Australis与灌木柳Salix saposhnikovii、蒲草Typha orientalis及杂草混合植被4亚类)4类土地利用类型为代表,采集土壤CO2和H2S排放速率数据进行对比研究,发现野黑豆与玉米地亚类CO2排放速率最高,分别达到36.94 mmol·m^(-2)·h^(-1)和22.65 mmol·m^(-2)·h^(-1),与其他类型差异显著,芦苇+蒲草(干)与芦苇+蒲草(湿)亚类差异显著;各亚类归类后的均值表现为撂荒地>农田>原生植被>裸滩,农田和撂荒地较原生植被分别提高了43.74%和236.86%,裸滩未检测出CO2排放数据。H2S排放速率表现为裸滩最高,达0.20mmol·m^(-2)·h^(-1),与其他亚类差异显著,休耕地与撂荒地次之,其余亚类H2S排放速率变化于0.02-0.04mmol·m^(-2)·h^(-1),无明显差异;总体表现为裸滩>农田>撂荒地>原生植被,农田和撂荒地较原生植被提高了270.96%和33.40%。研究证明河道滩地受不同土地利用类型的土壤呼吸强度差异较大,滩地经农田开发后土壤呼吸强度明显升高,生物量、水分条件及土地开发是造成差异的主要原因。To study the difference of respiration intensity in different land use types in floodplain of Middle Yellow River, 4 types of land use were selected for the study: bare beach, farmland(3 subtypes of corn, tillage and fallow land), abandoned farmland(2 subtypes of barnyard grass and wild black bean) and native vegetation(4 subtypes of mixed vegetation of reed, shrub willow, cattail and weeds), soil CO2 and H2S emission rate data were collected and compared. CO2 emission rates of black bean and corn were 36.94 mmol·m^(-2)·h^(-1) and 22.65 mmol·m^(-2)·h^(-1), respectively, which were highest in all subtypes. There were significant differences between reed+cattail grass(dry) and reed+cattail grass(wet). After the mean values of all subtypes were calculated categorically, it was found that abandoned farmland>farmland>native vegetation>bare beach, compared with native vegetation, farmland and abandoned farmland increased by 43.74% and 236.86%, respectively. No CO2 emission data were detected from bare beaches. The H2S emission rate of bare beach was the highest(0.20 mmol·m^(-2)·h^(-1)), which was significantly different from other subtypes. The H2S emission rate of fallow land and abandoned farmland was the second, and the other subtypes varied from 0.02 to 0.04 mmol·m^(-2)·h^(-1), with no significant difference compared with native vegetation. Compared with native vegetation, farmland and abandoned farmland increased by 270.96% and 33.40%. The result shows that soil respiration intensity of different land use types in the floodplain is quite different, which increases obviously after farmland development, the amount of biomass, water condition and land exploitation are the main reasons for the difference.

关 键 词：黄河中游 土壤呼吸 CO_(2)和H_(2)S排放速率 生态评价 

分 类 号：X144[环境科学与工程—环境科学] X16