新疆博格达山北坡表土花粉散布特征  

Surface Pollen Distribution on the North Slope of Bogda Mountain,Xinjiang,China

作　　者：姚付龙 张静 杨海军 夏倩倩 YAO Fulong;ZHANG Jing;YANG Haijun;XIA Qianqian(College of Biology and Geography,Yili Normal University,Yining 835000,China)

机构地区：[1]伊犁师范大学生物与地理科学学院,新疆伊宁835000

出　　处：《生态环境学报》2021年第3期466-474,共9页Ecology and Environmental Sciences

基　　金：新疆维吾尔自治区自然科学基金项目(2019D01C338);国家自然科学基金项目(41961013);新疆维吾尔自治区高校科研计划项目(XJEDU2018Y044)。

摘　　要：基于博格达山北坡68个表土样品花粉组合特征,对比植物群落样方调查结果,借助聚类分析、主成分分析方法,探讨了表土花粉组合与现代植被分布的关系。研究表明,(1)博格达山北坡表土花粉可划归5个不同植被带,湿度是影响其分布的主要因素,藜科(Chenopodiaceae)、蒿属(Artemisia)、云杉属(Picea)花粉分布受气流影响显著,忽略它们对其他植被带花粉组合的干扰,表土花粉与现代植被分布对应良好。各植被带均有其特有的花粉组合方式,山地荒漠带藜科-蒿属组合占绝对优势,山地草原带演替为蒿属-藜科-禾本科(Poaceae)-蔷薇科(Rosaceae)组合,山地森林带以云杉属-桦木属(Betula)-蒿属-藜科-禾本科为主,高山草甸带以蒿属-云杉属-藜科-莎草科(Cyperaceae)组合为特征,高山垫状植被带表现为蒿属-藜科-蔷薇科-云杉属组合。(2)草本植物花粉含量(62.7%)优势明显,乔、灌木(37.3%)次之。蒿属(23.1%)、藜科(21.5%)、云杉属(18.1%)、莎草科(9.4%)、禾本科(8.6%)、桦木属(5.7%)、蔷薇科(5.3%)等科(属)含量高、变幅大,为最主要的花粉类型,可作为古气候研究的重要依据,藜科、蒿属产量大、易传播,表现出超代表性,云杉属代表性较好,莎草科则受自身结构及保存条件等多重因素影响呈低代表性。(3)蒿属/藜科(A/C)比值不仅能将山地荒漠带、山地草原带区分开,还能指示研究区域湿度变化,古环境重建时可作为区域有效湿度的代用指标。This study is based on the pollen assemblage characteristics of 68 surface samples collected from the north slope of Bogda Mountain and a plant community quadrat survey.Cluster analysis and principal component analysis were used to study the relationship between pollen assemblages and modern vegetation distributions.The results showed the following,(1)the surface pollens on the northern slope of Bogda Mountain can be classified into five categories based on vegetation zones,and humidity is the main factor governing their distribution.The pollen distribution of Chenopodiaceae,Artemisia,and Picea was significantly affected by air flow,ignoring their interference on other vegetation zones.The pollen distribution in topsoil corresponded well with that of modern vegetation and Chenopodiaceae-Artemisia,Chenopodiaceae-Artemisia-Poaceae-Rosaceae,Picea-Betula-Artemisia-Chenopodiaceae-Poaceae,Artemisia-Picea-Chenopodiaceae-Cyperaceae,and Artemisia-Chenopodiaceae-Rosaceae-Picea pollen assemblages dominated the mountain desert,mountain steppe,mountain forest,alpine meadow,and alpine cushion-like vegetation zones,respectively.(2)Herbs have obvious advantages,followed by trees and shrubs.Artemisia,Chenopodiaceae,Poaceae,Picea,Cyperaceae,and Rosaceae with high contents and large variations are the main pollen types,which can be used as an important basis for paleoclimate research.Chenopodiaceae and Artemisia are highly productive and spread easily,making them extremely representative.Picea is also representative,while Cyperaceae is less representative due to its structure and preservation conditions.And(3)the Artemisia/Chenopodiaceae(A/C)ratio can not only distinguish the mountain desert zone from the mountain steppe zone,but also indicate the humidity change in the study area.It can be used as a proxy index for regional effective humidity in paleoenvironment reconstruction.

关 键 词：花粉组合 植物群落 聚类分析 主成分分析 蒿属/藜科 东天山北坡 

分 类 号：Q948[生物学—植物学] X173[环境科学与工程—环境科学]