鄱阳湖洪泛区碟形湖湿地系统地表地下水交互作用  

Assessing surface water-groundwater interactions in the seasonal lake-wetland system of Lake Poyang

作　　者：陈静 李云良[3] 周俊锋[1] 卢静媛 韦丽 郭玉银 Chen Jing;Li Yunliang;Zhou Junfeng;Lu Jingyuan;Wei Li;Guo Yuyin(Hydrological Bureau of Jiangxi Province,Nanchang 330002,P.R.China;State Key Laboratory of Hydrology-Water Resources and Hydraulic Engineering,Hohai University,Nanjing 210098,P.R.China;Key Laboratory of Watershed Geographic Sciences,Nanjing Institute of Geography and Limnology,Chinese Academy of Sciences,Nanjing 210008,P.R.China;Hydrological Bureau of Poyang Lake,Jiangxi Province,Jiujiang 332800,P.R.China)

机构地区：[1]江西省水文局,南昌330002 [2]河海大学水文水资源学院与水利工程科学国家重点实验室,南京210098 [3]中国科学院南京地理与湖泊研究所,流域地理学重点实验室,南京210008 [4]江西省鄱阳湖水文局,九江332800

出　　处：《湖泊科学》2021年第3期842-853,共12页Journal of Lake Sciences

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(42071036,41771037);江西省水文局青年科技创新基金项目(SWJJ-KT201904);江西省水利厅科技项目(202022YBKT11);河海大学水文水资源与水利工程科学国家重点实验室“一带一路”水与可持续发展科技基金项目(2020491311);中国科学院青年创新促进会项目(Y9CJH01001)联合资助。

摘　　要：洪泛系统具有复杂动态的水文环境,在季节性洪水脉冲影响下,地表-地下水交互转化对洪泛区水循环和生态环境保护等方面具有重要意义.本文采用野外试验、统计分析和达西定律等研究方法,开展了鄱阳湖洪泛区碟形湖湿地系统(河流-洲滩湿地-碟形湖)地表-地下水文学特征、相互作用和交换通量研究.数据资料显示,在地形地貌影响下,研究区洲滩地下水位明显低于碟形湖水位,但总体上略高于周边河流水位,统计结果进一步表明,在控制洪泛湿地的地下水动态方面,河流水文情势变化对地下水的影响作用要强于碟形湖水文变化.就河流-地下水转化关系而言,研究区湿地系统的地下水与周边河流水体之间存在动态转化关系,地下水对河流的补给通量以及河流对地下水的补给通量分别约为0.4和0.2 m/d.就湖泊-地下水转化关系而言,碟形湖一般来说补给周边滩地的地下水系统,但两者之间的交换通量基本小于0.1 m/d.在年尺度上,研究区地表-地下水之间的累积交换通量变化约介于7.5~48.2 m/a,其中河流-地下水的累积交换通量约是碟形湖-地下水的4~7倍,且秋、冬季的累积交换通量要明显大于春、夏季.本文研究结果可为洪泛区河湖系统的水资源联合管理、水环境整治和生态环境保护等方面提供科学支撑.Floodplain systems are affected by seasonal shifts between dry and wet cycles,and therefore cause marked changes in surface water and groundwater flow regimes.Surface water-groundwater interactions are rarely investigated in large floodplain systems,where few surface and groundwater data are obtained or monitored.This study used field observations,statistical analysis,and Darcy’s law approach to explore surface water-groundwater dynamics,interactions,and the associated fluxes in a geographically complex river-floodplain wetland-seasonal lake system(Lake Poyang,China).Results indicate that the wetland groundwater is more sensitive to variations in the river levels than the seasonal lakes.Groundwater levels are generally lower than those of the seasonal lakes,but slightly higher than the surrounding river levels,due to the influence of the complex topography.Statistical analysis further reveals that the river hydrology tends to play a more significant role in controlling groundwater dynamics,relative to the seasonal lakes.Generally,the river shows gaining conditions(i.e.,groundwater recharges river)and occasionally losing conditions(i.e.,river recharges groundwater)with variable Darcy fluxes by up to 0.4 and 0.2 m/d,respectively,while the seasonal lakes are more likely to show slightly losing conditions(<0.1 m/d).Additionally,the annual accumulated flux rates range from 7.5 m/a to48.2 m/a for surface water-groundwater interactions in the floodplain system.The accumulated flux rate for river-groundwater interactions is around four to seven times higher than that of the seasonal lake-groundwater interactions.Also,the accumulated flux in autumn and winter is higher than that of the spring and summer on a seasonal scale.The findings from this study have important implications for improving the understanding of the water resources joint management,water quality,and eco-environmental protection for both the river and the lake.

关 键 词：洪泛水文 碟形湖湿地 交换通量 河湖系统 地表-地下水转化 鄱阳湖 

分 类 号：X143[环境科学与工程—环境科学] X171