德国乌尔姆大学“医学历史、理论与伦理”人文教育的启示  

Enlightenment of Humanistic Education on “Medical History, Theory and Ethics” at Ulm University,Germany

作　　者：施欣怡 赵琳琳 SHI Xinyi;ZHAO Linlin(International Exchange Center for Military Medicine,Navy Military Medical University,Shanghai 200433,China)

机构地区：[1]海军军医大学国际军事医学交流中心,上海200433

出　　处：《中国医学伦理学》2021年第5期650-656,共7页Chinese Medical Ethics

基　　金：海军军医大学2017年度校级教学研究与改革面上项目“跨文化交际视角下的海军军医学员英语对外交流能力的培养”(JYC2017006)。

摘　　要：结合德国医学人文教育改革的背景,从德国乌尔姆大学医学院本科阶段的人文教育入手,用案例法详细介绍了乌尔姆大学“医学历史、理论与伦理”课程的五大模块。该课程通过教授更“科学”的人文学科,努力弥合医学中科学与人文学科之间的鸿沟,帮助医学生培养思辨能力,成为能够给予温暖人文关怀的全面发展的医生。乌尔姆大学四维教学法生动地体现出德国医学人文教育的特点:理论和方法优先于细节知识,同时侧重医学史和医学伦理学中的里程碑事件。对中国医学人文教育有如下启示:课程设置,采用四维法,将范式、话语、社会系统、宇宙学作为教学指导手段;内容选择,坚持医学历史、理论与伦理学三位一体;教学方法,注重个性化与多样化,结合国情开展个性化教学,同时,通过各类教学方式提高教学质量;教学考核,坚持多种考核方式并存,紧密结合形成性评价与终结性评价。Combined with the background of medical humanities education reform in Germany, starting from the humanistic education in the undergraduate stage of the medical school of Ulm University, this paper introduced the five modules of Medical History, Theory and Ethics in Ulm university with case method. By imparting more scientific humanities, this course strives to bridge the gap between science and the humanities in medicine, helping medical students develop critical thinking skills and become comprehensive physicians capable of giving warm humanistic care.The four-dimensional teaching method of Ulm University vividly reflects the characteristics of German medical humanities education: Theory and method are prior to detailed knowledge, while focusing on the milestone events in medical history and medical ethics. The following enlightenments for medical humanities education in China, that is, the curriculum design adopts four-dimensional method, taking paradigm, discourse, social system and cosmology as teaching guidance means;content selection, adheres to the trinity of medical history, theory and ethics;teaching methods, focuses on individualization and diversification, carries out personalized teaching combined with national conditions, and improving teaching quality through various teaching methods;teaching assessment, adheres to the coexistence of a variety of assessment methods, closely combined with formative evaluation and summative evaluation.

关 键 词：医学历史 理论与伦理 四维法 医学人文教育 

分 类 号：R192[医药卫生—卫生事业管理]