作物-土壤氮循环对大气CO_(2)浓度和温度升高响应的研究进展  

Nitrogen Cycling in the Crop-Soil Continuum in Response to Elevated Atmospheric CO_(2)Concentration and Temperature−A Review

作　　者：张锦源[1,2] 李彦生 于镇华[1] 谢志煌[1,2] 刘俊杰 王光华[1] 刘晓冰[1] 吴俊江[3] Stephen J Herbtert[4] 金剑 ZHANG JinYuan;LI YanSheng;YU ZhenHua;XIE ZhiHuang;LIU JunJie;WANG GuangHua;LIU XiaoBing;WU JunJiang;Stephen J HERBERT;JIN Jian(Northeast Institute of Geography and Agroecology,Chinese Academy of Science/Key Laboratory of Black Soil Agroecology,Harbin 150081,China;University of Chinese Academy of Science,Beijing 100049,China;Soybean Research Institute,Heilongjiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences/Key Laboratory of Soybean Cultivation,Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs/Key Laboratory of Soybean Cultivation of Heilongjiang Province,Harbin 150086,China;Stockbridge School of Agriculture,University of Massachusetts,Amherst,MA 01003,USA)

机构地区：[1]中国科学院东北地理与农业生态研究所/黑土区农业生态重点实验室,中国哈尔滨150081 [2]中国科学院大学,中国北京100049 [3]黑龙江省农业科学院大豆研究所/农业农村部大豆栽培重点实验室/黑龙江省大豆栽培重点实验室,中国哈尔滨150086 [4]Stockbridge School of Agriculture,University of Massachusetts,Amherst,MA 01003,USA

出　　处：《中国农业科学》2021年第8期1684-1701,共18页Scientia Agricultura Sinica

基　　金：国家重点研发计划(2017YFD0300300);国家自然科学基金(41771326)。

摘　　要：在地球化学元素循环中,氮素是最重要、最活跃的营养元素之一。农田生态系统中的氮素很大程度上决定农作物的产量和品质。然而,在全球气候变化背景下,随着大气CO_(2)浓度和温度升高,作物-土壤氮循环的变化可能显著影响农田生态系统中的作物生产。因此,研究作物-土壤氮循环对大气CO_(2)浓度和温度升高的响应,能够为科学合理地预测未来气候条件下,农田生态系统中作物的氮素需求,以及保障农作物产量的稳定供应提供理论依据,对于全面认识全球气候变化背景下的农田生态系统氮素循环过程及土壤可持续利用具有重要意义。本文综述了大气CO_(2)和温度升高对作物氮素吸收和分配,以及与氮有效性密切相关的土壤氮转化的影响,并系统总结了二者对作物-土壤氮循环过程产生的交互作用。总结以往研究发现,在大气CO_(2)浓度升高条件下,作物的蒸腾作用减弱,但光合作用增强,生物量加大,根系分支和根表面积增加,豆科作物的根瘤固氮能力提高,因此整体上促进作物对氮的吸收,并且增加作物向籽粒中分配氮的比例,但作物的平均氮浓度降低。此外,高CO_(2)浓度提高了土壤酶活性,增强了土壤有机氮矿化作用、硝化及反硝化作用,加速了土壤氮转化。升温和CO_(2)浓度升高对作物-土壤氮循环产生正向或负向的交互作用,主要表现在:高温和高CO_(2)浓度对作物的生物量、光合作用、地下部氮分配、根系分支以及根表面积具有协同促进作用,升高温度减轻了高CO_(2)浓度对作物蒸腾作用和作物氮浓度的抑制作用。然而,升温抑制了高CO_(2)浓度对作物向籽粒中氮分配、氮吸收以及产量的促进作用;升温虽然能进一步增强高CO_(2)浓度对土壤酶活性和有机氮矿化的促进作用,但是对于土壤硝化和反硝化作用,二者的交互作用以及相关的分子机制尚不明确。大气CO_(2)升高和�In geochemical element cycling,nitrogen is one of the most important and active nutrient elements,determining grain yield and quality of crop.With the increase of atmospheric CO_(2)concentration and temperature in global climate change,the changes in crop-soil nitrogen cycle may significantly affect crop production in agro-ecosystem.Therefore,studying the response of crop-soil continuum nitrogen cycle under elevated atmospheric CO_(2)concentration and temperature could provide a theoretical basis for the scientific and reasonable prediction of crop nitrogen demand in farmland ecosystem and the guarantee of stable supply of crop yield under the future climate conditions.Effects of elevated CO_(2)and temperature on nitrogen uptake and distribution in crop and soil nitrogen turnover were reviewed in this paper,and the interaction between elevated CO_(2)and temperature on crop-soil nitrogen cycling processes in previous studies was systematically summarized.Under elevated atmospheric CO_(2)concentration,although the transpiration of crop decreased,the photosynthetic rate,biomass,root branches and root surface area increased,and the root nodule nitrogen fixation ability of legume crop also increased.Thus,these factors overall promoted crop nitrogen uptake and increased crop yield and grain nitrogen allocation,but the average nitrogen concentration across crop decreased.Furthermore,the high CO_(2)concentration increased soil enzyme activity,enhanced soil organic nitrogen mineralization,nitrification and denitrification,and accelerated soil nitrogen turnover.Warming and increasing CO_(2)concentration interactively affected crop-soil nitrogen cycle.Warming and high CO_(2)concentration synergistically promoted crop biomass,photosynthesis,underground nitrogen distribution and root branching and root surface area.Elevated temperature enhanced the elevated CO_(2)-induced inhibition on crop transpiration and nitrogen concentration.Warming inhibited the positive effect of high CO_(2)concentration on nitrogen distribution,nitro

关 键 词：CO2浓度 温度 植物氮素 氮吸收 土壤氮循环 微生物 

分 类 号：S154.4[农业科学—土壤学]