墨家逻辑:在墨经与墨论之间诠释  

Mohist Logic:Interpretation between Cannon and Mohist Doctrine

作　　者：杨武金[1] Yang Wujin(Renmin University of China,Beijing 100872)

机构地区：[1]中国人民大学哲学院,北京市100872

出　　处：《职大学报》2021年第2期8-16,共9页Journal of the Staff and Worker’s University

基　　金：贵州省2017年度哲学社会科学规划国学单列课题阶段性成果(17GZGX18)。

摘　　要：墨家思想是以逻辑立论的。墨家逻辑思想普遍地蕴藏于墨经和墨论的整个文本之中。本文通过将墨经中对逻辑思想的概括和总结,与墨论中按照墨经逻辑思想的要求来进行的论证,进行相互的比较和对照解释,发现墨经中的逻辑从根本上是对墨论逻辑应用的总结和概括,而墨论中对逻辑的应用则又是对墨经逻辑的自觉应用,二者之间具有非常紧密的关系,这决定了我们从根本上不能将它们分离开来进行研究。墨经总结的辟、侔、援、推、止诸论式,在墨论中有大量实际应用,通过比较,可以更明确地展示出墨经逻辑虽然没有透过这些论式而研究其中的推理形式,但对相应的具体推理已有明确认识。墨家充分运用三物逻辑来进行论证,是墨家思想学说具有强大的论证性和说服力的根本所在。墨家无论在论证思想学说还是对逻辑思想加以总结的过程中,都认识到了以矛盾原则为核心的一系列逻辑原则,这是墨家逻辑得以建立的关键。墨家逻辑从根本上是关于实际思维论证的逻辑理论。Mohist thought was made a point through logic.Mohist logical thought generally implies in the whole text of Cannon and Mohist Doctrine.Through comparing and interpreting between the summary to logical thought in Cannon and the argumentation of agreeing with Cannon logical thought in Mohist Doctrine,this paper thinks that logic in Cannon is the summary to the application of logic in Mohist Doctrine,and the application of logic in Mohist Doctrine is the conscious application to logic in Cannon.There is so close connection between logic in Cannon and the application of logic in Mohist Doctrine that we cannot separate them for research.The argument forms of"Comparing","Equating","Drawing an analogy","Inferring"and etc.in Cannon have a lot of specific applications in Mohist Doctrine.Through comparing,we can find Mohism have a clear understanding although they doesn't study the reasoning form hiding behind these argument forms.It is the root why Mohist thought and theory have strong process of argumentation and persuasiveness that Mohism demonstrated by making full use of"Three Things"logic about"Cause","Reason"and"Classes".No matter in the process of arguing their thought theory or in the process of summary to their logical thought,it is the crux of Mohist logic being established that Mohism realized a series of logical principles being cored on contradiction principle.Mohist logic is fundamentally the logical theory about practical thinking argument.

关 键 词：墨家逻辑 墨经 墨论 论式 三物逻辑 矛盾原则 

分 类 号：B224[哲学宗教—中国哲学]