南部沿海珠海地区儿童过敏性疾病9478项次阳性过敏原谱分析  

Analysis of allergens spectrum of 9478 positive cases of allergen diseases in children of Zhuhai area in the southern coastal China

作　　者：张筱佼[1] 吴红媛[1] 程黎[1] 邱琼华[1] ZHANG Xiao-jiao;WU Hong-yuan;CHENG Li;QIU Qiong-hua(Department of Child Healthcare,Zhuhai Municipal Maternal and Child Healthcare Hospital,Guangdong Province,Zhuhai 519000,China)

机构地区：[1]广东省珠海市妇幼保健院儿童保健科,广东珠海519000

出　　处：《中国当代医药》2021年第12期22-29,33,共9页China Modern Medicine

摘　　要：目的分析南部沿海珠海地区儿童过敏性疾病的过敏原谱,为诊治及预防儿童过敏性疾病提供参考。方法回顾性分析2016年1月~2017年3月珠海市妇幼保健院门诊因过敏临床症状或疑似有过敏原因就诊的2146例患儿,进行食物类与吸入物过敏原皮肤点刺试验(SPT),阳性结果共9478项次,按年龄(<1岁、1~<3岁、3~<6岁、6~14岁)和季节(春、夏、秋、冬)分组,分析南部沿海珠海地区儿童过敏性疾病过敏原谱的流行特点。结果9478项次阳性SPT结果中(食物类20种、吸入类11种),食物类阳性占比为72.23%,吸入类阳性占比为27.77%。食物类阳性过敏原前9位顺位:牛奶、鸡蛋、小虾、鸡蛋清、鸡蛋黄、花生、核桃、鳕鱼、蟹肉;吸入类阳性过敏原前9位顺位:螨Ⅰ(粉尘螨)>螨Ⅱ(屋尘螨)>蟑螂>羽毛>霉菌Ⅰ>禾本科>猫上皮>乳胶>狗上皮。食物类过敏四季均以牛奶、鸡蛋最为常见,食物类过敏尤其以<1岁组最高发;吸入物类过敏四季均以螨Ⅰ(粉尘螨)、螨Ⅱ(屋尘螨)最为常见,吸入物类过敏尤其以6~14岁组最高发。食物类与吸入类过敏原均以冬、春季为主。过敏原反应强度+,以<1岁组最多见;过敏原++和过敏原++++,则以6~14岁组为主。结论珠海地区儿童过敏性疾病的过敏原谱因年龄、季节、过敏原反应强度不同而异。应结合儿童过敏性疾病临床症状与SPT检测特征性结果,对不同年龄和季节儿童过敏性疾病实施临床预防诊治干预。Objective To analyze the allergens spectrum of childhood allergen diseases of Zhuhai area in the southern coastal China,in order to provide references for diagnosis and treatments as well as prevention of allergic diseases among children.Methods Retrospective analysis was conducted on 2146 cases of children with clinical symptoms of allergies or suspected allergic causes who were treated in the Outpatient Department of Zhuhai Municipal Maternal and Child Healthcare Hospital from January 2016 to March 2017.They accepted skin prick test(SPT)of food and inhalation allergens,among which 9478 cases showed positive.According to age(<1 year old,1 to<3 years old,3 to<6 years old,6 to 14 years old)and season(spring,summer,autumn,winter),the epidemiological characteristics of allergic diseases in children of Zhuhai area in the southern coastal China were analyzed.Results Among the 9478 positive SPT results(20 for food and 11 for inhalation),the positive rate of food was 72.23%,and that of inhalation was 27.77%.The top 9 rank of food positive allergens were milk,egg,shrimp,egg white,egg yolk,peanut,walnut,cod and crab meat.The top 9 rank of inhalation positive allergens were miteⅠ(dust mites),miteⅡ(house dust mite),cockroaches,feathers,moldⅠ,gramineous,cat skin,latex,dog skin.In all four seasons,milk and egg were the most common food allergies,and the highest incidence of food allergies was found in the group of<1 year old.MiteⅠ(dust mite)and miteⅡ(house dust mite)were the most common of inhalation allergy in four seasons,and the highest incidence of inhalation allergy was found in the group of 6-14 years old.The main allergens of food and inhalation were winter and spring.The allergen reaction intensity+was most common in the group of<1 year old.Allergen++and aller gen ++++ were mainly in the group of 6-14 years old. Conclusion Allergen spectrum of childhood allergen diseases in Zhuhai area is different due to age, seasons and reaction intensity. We should implement clinical prevent intervention for allergic dise

关 键 词：过敏性疾病 皮肤点刺试验 过敏原 儿童 过敏原反应强度 

分 类 号：R725.9[医药卫生—儿科]