语用能力在民族志访谈中的表现  

The Performance of Pragmatic Competence in Ethnographic Interviews

作　　者：姚欣 YAO Xin(School of Chinese Ethnic Minority Languages and Literatures,Minzu University of China,Beijing 100871,China)

机构地区：[1]中央民族大学中国少数民族语言文学学院,北京100871

出　　处：《青海师范大学学报（社会科学版）》2021年第1期137-142,共6页Journal of Qinghai Normal University（Social Sciences）

基　　金：教育部人文青年项目“回族汉语变体与身份认同互动机制研究”(19YJC740007)。

摘　　要：语用能力是言语交际顺畅进行的基础,它在不同会话中的表现既有共性,又因交际目的、交际语境、交际对象的不同而呈现差异。民族志访谈作为一种质性研究方式,也是一种独特的会话交际,其访谈者的语用能力呈现出个性特征:注重个案语料深入细致的分析,既要求与受访者广泛的合作和深入的互动,又要求不能使自己的主观看法和价值观念影响受访者。为了获取真实的信息、可靠的语料和被访者的观点,礼貌原则中的一致性准则和同情准则在其中有着广泛的应用。为了交际顺畅进行,无论在语境和语言选择上,都会采取顺应性策略。Pragmatic competence is the foundation of the continuous and appropriate effect ofconversational communication.The presentation of pragmatic competence in different conversations is different.Ethnographic interview,as a kind of qualitative research methods,is also a certain type of conversational communications,in which pragmatic competence shows its own uniqueness:in case of detailed and in-depth analysis of independent cases studies,ethnographic interview request intensive cooperation with interviewees on one hand,but interviewers will involve no personal values and judgement during interview.In order to obtain accurate information,reliable data and interviewees'real opinions,the agreement maxim and sympathy maxim of politeness principle are widely used.Adaptability theory will be adopted in context and language selection in terms of communicating smoothly.

关 键 词：语用能力 会话合作原则 礼貌原则 顺应策略 定性研究 

分 类 号：H314[语言文字—英语]