赣西两头乌猪屠宰测定与肉质检测初报  

A Preliminary Report on the Slaughter Performance and Meat Quality of Ganxi Two-end-black Pig

作　　者：刘晨龙 林建国 万明春[1] 刘志猛 周泉勇[1] 季华员[1] LIU Chenlong;LIN Jianguo;WAN Mingchun;LIU Zhimeng;ZHOU Quanyong;JI Huayuan(Institute of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary,Jiangxi Academy of Agricultural Sciences,Nanchang 330200,China;Pingxiang Fengle Agricultural Technology Co.LTD,Pingxiang,Jiangxi 337016,China;Fuzhou Livestock breeding Farm,Fuzhou,Jiangxi 344000,China)

机构地区：[1]江西省农业科学院畜牧兽医研究所,江西南昌330200 [2]江西省萍乡市丰乐农业科技有限公司,江西萍乡337016 [3]江西省抚州市畜牧良种场,江西抚州344000

出　　处：《江西农业大学学报》2021年第2期371-377,共7页Acta Agriculturae Universitatis Jiangxiensis

基　　金：江西省重点研发计划项目(20161BBF60139);江西省生猪产业技术体系(JXARS-01)。

摘　　要：【目的】赣西两头乌猪是江西地方猪品种之一,其生产性能未知,为充分了解赣西两头乌猪的屠宰性能和肉质性状,对其进行屠宰测定和肉质检测,研究结果可以为赣西两头乌猪的保护和利用提供参考依据。【方法】试验对6月龄的12头纯种赣西两头乌猪(公母各半)进行屠宰测定,分析胴体质量和屠宰率等屠宰性能、眼肌面积和瘦肉率等胴体性状以及大理石纹和剪切力等肉品质,并检测肌肉中氨基酸和脂肪酸含量。【结果】赣西两头乌猪平均屠宰率公、母猪分别为70.41%、70.64%;平均膘厚为公猪3.31 cm、母猪4.05 cm,且公猪平均膘厚极显著小于母猪(P<0.01);眼肌面积为公猪24.8 cm^(2)、母猪23.69 cm^(2);瘦肉率为公猪42.95%、母猪42.42%;脂肪率为公猪34.92%、母猪35.01%;皮率为公猪12.93%、母猪13.14%;骨率为公猪9.21%、母猪9.43%;熟肉率为公猪62.93%、母猪64.38%;失水率为公猪8.61%、母猪8.21%;贮存损失为公猪4.97%、母猪6.18%,且公猪贮存损失显著低于母猪(P<0.05);赣西两头乌猪肌肉化学成分为蛋白质平均含量20.80%、脂肪平均含量3.60%、水分平均含量73.67%。屠宰率、眼肌面积、瘦肉率、脂肪率、皮率、骨率、熟肉率、失水率等性状不存在性别差异。在肌肉氨基酸含量中,组氨酸含量比乐安花猪和东乡花猪要高。在不饱和脂肪酸中棕榈油酸平均含量为2.59%,十七碳烯酸平均含量为0.15%,油酸平均含量为43.58%,亚油酸平均含量为7.05%,亚麻酸平均含量为0.28%,二十碳烯酸平均含量为1.11%,二十碳二烯酸平均含量为0.38%,二十碳三烯酸平均含量为0.13%,花生四烯酸平均含量为0.32%。【结论】赣西两头乌猪具有较高屠宰率,公猪肉的系水力强于母猪,较不容易形成酸肉,肌肉中具有较高的组氨酸和花生四烯酸,是优良的地方猪种。[Objective]Ganxi two-end-black pig is one of the Jiangxi indigenous pig breed,but its productive performance is unknown.In order to fully understand the slaughter performance and meat traits of Ganxi two-end-black pig,in this study,the slaughter performance and meat quality were measured,and the results could provide the reference for the protection and utilization of Ganxi two black pigs.[Method]Twelve Ganxi two-end-black pig including 6 males and 6 females were slaughtered at 6 months old,the slaughter performance including the carcass weight and slaughter rate,carcass traits including eye muscle area and lean meat percentage,and meat quality including marbling score and fresh meat shear force were analyzed,and the amino acids and fatty acids in muscle were detected.[Result]The slaughter rate of the male and female Ganxi twoend-black pig were 70.41%and 70.64%,respectively;the average back fat thickness of the male and female Ganxi two-end-black pig were 3.31 cm and 4.05 cm,respectively,and the back fat thickness of male was significantly smaller than that of femal(P<0.01);the eye muscle area of the male and female were 24.8 cm^(2) and 23.69 cm^(2),respectively;the lean meat percentage of male and female were 42.95%and 42.42%,respectively;the fat percentage of male and female were 34.92%and 35.01%,respectively;the skin percentage of male and female were 12.93%and 13.14%,respectively;the bone percentage of male and female were 9.21%and 9.43%,respectively;the meat cooking percentage of male and female were 62.93%and 64.38%,respectively;the water loss rate of male and female were 8.61%and 8.21%,respectively;the drip loss rate of male and female were 4.97%and 6.18%,respectively,and that of male was significantly lower than that of female(P<0.05);the average protein content,fat content and water content of Ganxi two-end-black pig were 20.80%,3.60%and 73.67%,respectively.There were no difference between male and female in the slaughter rate,eye muscle area,lean meat percentage,fat percentage,skin percentage,bone perce

关 键 词：赣西两头乌猪 屠宰性能 胴体性状 肉质 

分 类 号：S828.891.1[农业科学—畜牧学]