分数阶修正的空气弹簧气动力学模型及其应用  

Air Spring Modeling and Vehicle Dynamics Analysis Based on Fractional Calculus Theory

作　　者：戚壮 王晓雷 莫荣利[2] 叶特[2] 陈清化[2] QI Zhuang;WANG Xiaolei;MO Rongli;YE Te;CHEN Qinghua(School of Mechanical Engineering,Shijiazhuang Tiedao University,Shijiazhuang 050043,China;Zhuzhou Times New Material Technology Co.,Ltd.,CRRC,Zhuzhou 412000,China)

机构地区：[1]石家庄铁道大学机械工程学院,河北石家庄050043 [2]中国中车株洲时代新材料科技股份有限公司,湖南株洲412000

出　　处：《铁道学报》2021年第4期67-76,共10页Journal of the China Railway Society

基　　金：国家自然科学基金(11702179,11790282);河北省高等学校青年拔尖人才计划(BJ2017001);河北省自然科学基金(A2018210064)。

摘　　要：以高速动车组用空气弹簧为研究对象,基于气动热力学理论分别对空气弹簧主气室、附加气室和节流孔特性进行分析,数值计算中所需的参数值由有限元方法辨识,建立空气弹簧气动热力学模型。采用分数阶理论对橡胶气囊的黏弹性阻尼特性进行描述,基于实测数据辨识分数阶模型中的参数,建立分数阶修正模型,以实现对气动力学模型的优化作用。优化后的模型满足空气弹簧试验的验证,与试验各项数据吻合度较好。总结出不同激励振幅、载荷和频率下的空气弹簧刚度、阻尼特性的变化规律。通过与车辆动力学模型联合仿真计算的垂向平稳性变化曲线对比表明:优化后的模型较气动模型的垂向平稳性指标降低6%左右,垂向最大加速度值得到了抑制。采用分数阶修正的空气弹簧特性建模,能够体现出更好的动力学性能。Based on the air spring for high-speed EMU and the aerothermodynamic theory,the characteristics of the main air chamber,the additional air chamber and the orifice of the air spring were analyzed.The parameter values required in the numerical calculation were identified by the finite element method.An aerodynamic thermodynamic model of the air spring was presented.The fractional-order theory was used to describe the viscoelastic damping characteristics of rubber airbags.The parameters in the fractional-order model were identified based on the measured data.A fractional-order modified model was established to optimize the aerodynamic model.The optimized model satisfied the verification of the air spring test,and agreed well with the test data.It summarized the change law of the stiffness and damping characteristics of the air spring under different excitation amplitudes,loads and frequencies.The vertical smoothness variation curve calculated through joint simulation with the vehicle dynamics model shows that the optimized model is about 6%lower than the aerodynamic model in terms of the vertical smoothness index,resulting in the suppression of the vertical maximum acceleration value.The modeling of air spring characteristics with fractional order modification can reflect better dynamic performance.

关 键 词：空气弹簧 橡胶气囊 黏弹性阻尼 联合仿真 动力学性能 

分 类 号：U463.3342[机械工程—车辆工程]