语义元语言视角下的反义词研究  

The Semantic Metalanguage Approach of Antonym Research

作　　者：许婷婷 Xu Tingting(School of Foreign Languages,Peking University,Beijing 100871,China)

机构地区：[1]北京大学外国语学院,北京100871

出　　处：《现代语文》2021年第1期26-31,共6页Modern Chinese

摘　　要：关于反义词的界定、分类等问题学界论述颇多,至今仍存争议。阿普列相从语义元语言视角出发,对反义词进行了解读。反义词界定的唯一标准是两个词是否具有唯一的对立义素。反义词一般被归纳为可分级反义词、互补反义词和方向反义词三类,而阿普列相根据反义词所共有的义素,将其分为“P/P不”“P/不P”“多于/少于”三类,该分类较一般分类标准更为客观。语义元语言视角还可以为一些反义词相关特殊词语类别提供新的阐释。The Semantic Metalanguage Approach of Antonym Research There are a lot of discussions on the definition and classification of antonyms in academic circles,and there are still disputes.This article draws on the semantic metalanguage approach of professor Apresyan of the Moscow Semantic School,and points out that the only criterion for the definition of antonyms is whether the two words have unique opposites;the general classification of antonyms can be summarized as to three types:gradeable antonyms,complementary antonyms and directional antonyms.According to the common semantics of antonyms,Apresyan divides them into three categories:“P/P not”,“P/not P”,and“more than/less than”.It is more objective than general classification standards.The semantic metalanguage perspective can also provide new explanations for some special word categories related to antonyms.

关 键 词：反义词 界定 分类 莫斯科语义学派 语义元语言 

分 类 号：H032[语言文字—语言学]