青岛近岸表层海水和潮滩沉积物中微塑料的分布及其影响因素  

The distribution of microplastics and their influence factors in surface seawater and tidal flat sediments in Qingdao coast

作　　者：尹诗琪 贾芳丽 刘筱因[4] 李锋民 YIN Shiqi;JIA Fangli;LIU Xiaoyin;LI Fengmin(Institute of Coastal Environmental Pollution Control,College of Environmental Science and Engineering,Ocean University of China,Qingdao 266100;Key Laboratory of Marine Environment and Ecology,Ministry of Education,Ocean University of China,Qingdao 266100;Marine Ecology and Environmental Science Laboratory,Pilot National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology(Qingdao),Qingdao 266071;Qingdao No.58 High School Shandong Province,Qingdao 266100)

机构地区：[1]中国海洋大学,环境科学与工程学院,近海环境污染控制研究所,青岛266100 [2]中国海洋大学,海洋环境与生态教育部重点实验室,青岛266100 [3]青岛海洋科学与技术试点国家实验室海洋生态与环境科学功能实验室,青岛266071 [4]山东省青岛第五十八中学,青岛266100

出　　处：《环境科学学报》2021年第4期1410-1418,共9页Acta Scientiae Circumstantiae

基　　金：国家重点研发计划(No.2018YFC0406304);山东省重点研发计划(No.2019JZZY020302)。

摘　　要：微塑料(<5 mm)是一种备受关注的新兴污染物.目前微塑料在山东近岸的分布规律和影响因素尚不明确.本文选取青岛市红岛水产养殖区海域、李村河口附近海域、团岛污水处理厂海域、麦岛沙滩附近海域的表层海水和潮滩沉积物为研究对象,通过现场采样、密度浮选分离、显微镜观察、傅里叶红外测定等方法,揭示青岛近岸表层海水和潮滩沉积物中微塑料的分布规律及其影响因素.结果表明,4个区域表层海水中微塑料丰度从小到大为麦岛(1439个·m^(-3))<李村河口(7209个·m^(-3))<团岛(12785个·m^(-3))<红岛(16869个·m^(-3)),潮滩沉积物中微塑料的丰度从小到大为麦岛(1517个·m^(-2))<团岛(1794个·m^(-2))<红岛(2244个·m^(-2))<李村河口(2789个·m^(-2)).分析表明,青岛近岸小粒径微塑料(<1 mm)的含量最多;白色是青岛近岸微塑料的主要颜色;纤维在海水和潮滩沉积物中的含量最高,分别占海水和沉积物中微塑料的62.76%和59.92%;表层海水中聚对苯二甲酸乙二醇酯类塑料的比例最大,主要来自于海洋渔业和海洋运输业,潮滩沉积物中聚丙烯的比例最大,主要来自水产养殖业和旅游业.不同采样区域的主要人类活动的种类和强度不同,影响了微塑料的丰度和种类;不同环境介质(海水、潮滩沉积物)的自然条件不同(紫外线照射时间和强度、风化作用等),影响了微塑料的颜色、粒径、形状和分布规律.Microplastics(<5 mm), a type of emerging contaminants, have attracted global concern. However, the spatial distribution of microplastics in the coastal regions of Shandong is not well understood, as well as its influencing factors. Thus seawater, sediments in four sites in Qingdao, i.e., Hongdao aquaculture, Licun River estuary, Tuandao sewage treatment plant, and Maidao Beach, were collected for the qualitative and quantitative analysis of microplastics. Several methods including in-situ sampling, density separation, microscope observation, and Fourier transform infrared(FTIR) were applied. The results showed that the abundance of microplastics in the surface seawater presented an order of Maidao(1439 n·m^(-3)) < Licunhekou(7209 n·m^(-3)) < Tuandao(12785 n·m^(-3)) < Hongdao(16869 n·m^(-3)), and the abundance of microplastics in the sediments showed an order of Maidao(1517 n·m^(-2)) < Tuandao(1794 n·m^(-2)) < Hongdao(2244 n·m^(-2)) < Licunhekou(2789 n·m^(-2)). Furthermore, microplastics with a diameter smaller than 1 mm were dominant, and the majority of microplastics was in the white color. The fiber was dominant type of microplastics in the seawater and sediments, accounting for 62.76% and 59.92%, respectively. The main type of microplastics in the surface seawater was polyethylene terephthalate, which was mainly derived from marine fisheries and marine transportation. The main type of microplastics in the tidal flat sediments was polypropylene, which was mainly resulted from aquaculture and tourism. All these results suggested that the types and intensities of human activities largely affected the microplastics pollution in a coastal environment. In addition, natural conditions(e.g., intensity, duration time of ultraviolet radiation, weathering) in different environmental media(e.g., seawater, tidal flat sediment) in different regions could also affect the distribution patterns of microplastics in a coastal environment.

关 键 词：微塑料 分布特征 近岸环境 沉积物 人类活动 

分 类 号：X14[环境科学与工程—环境科学]