刑事诉讼“定案的根据”的反思与重塑  

Reflection and Remolding of“The Basis of Decision on a Verdict”in Criminal Procedure

作　　者：李思宜 LI Si-yi(Law School,Southwest University of Political Science and Law,Chongqing 401120,China)

机构地区：[1]西南政法大学法学院,重庆401120

出　　处：《太原学院学报（社会科学版）》2021年第2期44-52,共9页Journal of Taiyuan University(Social Science Edition)

基　　金：2019年重庆市研究生科研创新项目“刑事案件事实认定中的经验法则研究”(CYB19128)。

摘　　要：刑事诉讼中,证据是定案的根据的前提,定案的根据是证据转化的阶段性结果;定案的证据是定案的根据的要素之一,定案的根据是认定案件事实的基础条件。在厘清概念关系前提下反思我国的刑事诉讼规范:证据的证据能力、证明力和程序性规范是证据转化为定案的根据的规范要求,但由此产生的非法证据排除规则、瑕疵证据补正规则以及证据印证规则的客观化、机械化现象不利于证据的审查判断。重塑“定案的根据”新模式应在引入“理据”概念的前提下,创设“‘定案的证据’+‘理据’=‘定案的根据’”程式,以充分发挥裁判者自由心证的作用,完善司法实践的说理机制,实现逻辑与经验并存下的公正审判。In criminal procedure,evidence is the prerequisite of the basis of decision on a verdict,which in turn is the phased outcome of evidence transformation.Evidence is one of the elements of basis for a case,which serve as fundamental condition for ascertaining the facts of the case.When reflecting on China’s criminal procedure rules by clarifying various concepts and the relationship among them,it could be concluded that credibility,probative force and due process are the requirement for evidence transformation.However,the illegal evidence exclusion rules,defective evidence correction rules,evidence verification rules,and the objectivity and mechanism of evidence corroboration are not conducive to investigate evidences.In order to rebuild the new model of the basis of cases,it is supposed to introduce the concept of“ground”as the precondition,engaging the formula of“evidence+ground=basis”.Under this circumstance,the judge is allowed to give full play in inner conviction,and thus optimize the reasoning system in judicial practice,realizing the fair judge based on logic and experience.

关 键 词：刑事诉讼 定案的根据 定案证据 理据 经验法则 

分 类 号：D925.2[政治法律—诉讼法学]