小麦籽粒不同发育阶段醇溶蛋白表达谱分析及在种子纯度鉴定中的应用  

Analysis of the Expression of Gliadin in Different Stages of Wheat and Its Application in Seed Quality Testing

作　　者：刘丹 梁丹 王从磊 时晓伟 许庆芬 高杨 候康波 张欣 冯刚 王建贺 LIU Dan;LIANG Dan;WANG Conglei;SHI Xiaowei;XU Qingfen;GAO Yang;HOU Kangbo;ZHANG Xin;FENG Gang;WANG Jianhe(Tianjin Crop Research Institute,Tianjin Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Breeding, Tianjin 300384, China;Faculty of Life Science, Tangshan Normal University, Tangshan 063000, China)

机构地区：[1]天津市农业科学院农作物研究所,天津市农作物遗传育种重点实验室,天津300384 [2]唐山师范学院生命科学系,河北唐山063000

出　　处：《华北农学报》2021年第2期68-73,共6页Acta Agriculturae Boreali-Sinica

基　　金：国家重点研发计划项目(2017YFD0101000)。

摘　　要：醇溶蛋白是小麦的主要储藏蛋白,具有丰富的品种间特异性,影响和参与小麦醇溶蛋白积累的基因在染色体上均有分布,因此,醇溶蛋白常被当作小麦的指纹,可用于种子纯度鉴定。为了研究小麦发育早期纯度鉴定的方法,以济麦31、津强11号、津强13号开花后不同天数的籽粒为研究材料,以醇溶蛋白表达模式为研究对象,通过A-PAGE电泳技术,探明醇溶蛋白带谱特征,明确开花后5,10,15,20,25,30,35 d,成熟小麦籽粒醇溶蛋白带谱积累情况,确定利用醇溶蛋白鉴定小麦纯度的籽粒最早发育时间节点。研究结果表明,小麦开花后5~10 d的籽粒检测不到醇溶蛋白带谱,开花后15 d的籽粒醇溶蛋白开始积累,但是带谱表达不完全,开花后20~25 d的籽粒醇溶蛋白带谱完全表达,与成熟籽粒带谱一致。因此,小麦开花20 d后的籽粒,可用于鉴定小麦种子纯度;利用开花后20~25 d大田种植的津强11号小麦进行醇溶蛋白带谱鉴定,可以准确鉴定出混杂籽粒,并明确该地块种子平均纯度为90.88%。因此,本研究探明了醇溶蛋白的积累模式,为找到未成熟籽粒可以进行醇溶蛋白鉴定的最早籽粒发育时间,实现收获前的纯度鉴定提供理论依据,也为种子企业鉴定种子纯度提供了快速、简便、高效的鉴定技术。Gliadin is a moiety of wheat prolamins,which have variety-specificity.The regulators and transcript genes of gliadins are regularly distributed on all the chromosomes of wheat.Therefore,gliadin was regarded as fingerprint of wheat variety.And the gliadins can be used to identify seed purity.The Jimai 31,Jinqiang 11,Jinqiang 13 were used as materials to study the method of purity identification in the different seed development stage.In this paper,the expression pattern of gliadin was taken as the research object to make a clear distinction of the whole bands of gliadin after 5,10,15,20,25,30,35 d,mature seed of flowering to study the earliest time point of seed quality testing by A-PAGE.The results showed that the expression of gliadin was not detected from the seed at 5-10 d after anthesis,and few bands of gliadins was detected from the seed at 15 d after anthesis,the complete bands was obtained from the seed at 20-25 d after anthesis,which was same as the mature seed.Therefore,the seed at 20 d after anthesis can be used to identify the seed purity.So,the purity of Jinqiang 11 wheat planted in the field 20-25 d after anthesis was identified to verify the feasibility and accuracy of the method.Our method can find the mixed seeds,and the average purity of Jinqiang 11 was 90.88%.The findings of this study provides a theoretical basis for finding the earliest development stage of immature grains for gliadin identification and purity identification before harvest,and provides a fast,simple and efficient identification technology to identify seed purity for seed enterprise.

关 键 词：小麦 醇溶蛋白 表达图谱 开花标记 种子纯度鉴定 

分 类 号：S512.01[农业科学—作物学] Q512.5[生物学—生物化学]